我国八年级学生数学运算能力实证研究

An Empirical Research on Mathematical Operation Abilities of Grade Eight Students in China

为了解学生的数学运算能力现状,项目组对Z省部分学校13,916名八年级学生进行数学运算能力的测试,基于项目反应理论估计出学生的数学运算能力值,以此得到八年级学生数学运算能力的总体表现,并结合典型题目对学生在理解运算对象、掌握运算法则、选择运算方法、简化运算过程以及估算等五个维度上的表现进行了具体分析与解读。监测结果发现,八年级学生数学运算能力总体处于中等偏上水平,男生群体中更多学生运算基础较差;在数学运算能力各维度上,学生整体表现存在一定差异,在"理解运算对象"上表现最好,在"选择运算方法"和"简化运算过程"上有待进一步加强。为此,教师应关注男生中的低水平运算群体,锻炼学生在运算思维和逻辑上的跟进能力,引导学生进行不同运算方法之间的比较,并重视对学生作答的归因分析。

For understanding the current situation of students' mathematical operation abilities,the research team examined 13,916 students in grade eight from some schools in Z province based on their mathematical operation abilities estimated by IRT for getting their overall performance,which analyzes and interprets performances caused by typical test items acting on students' five dimensions including understanding operation objects,mastering operation rules,selecting operation methods,simplifying the operation process,and estimation.The results show that the mathematical operation abilities of students in grade eight are generally above average,which can be seen that there are more students in the male group who have poor basic arithmetic;among five dimensions,students' overall performance is different,which has best performance in "understanding operation objects",while there is a need for further enhancement in "selecting operation methods"and "simplifying the operation process". According to the results,the authors suggested that teachers should pay more attention to the low level of mathematical operation abilities in boys,exercise students' abilities to follow up on operational thinking and logic,guide them to compare the different operation methods,and focus on the attribution analysis of students' answers.