几种金花茶组植物的远缘杂交育种

Distant hybridization breeding with several plants of Camellia nitidissima

为获得金花茶新种质,以防城金花茶、凹脉金花茶、黄樽薄叶金花茶、普通金花茶等4种金花茶组植物,浙江红花油茶等3种油茶组植物,杜鹃红山茶、‘越南抱茎茶’、‘克瑞墨大牡丹’、‘烈香’、‘大美人’等7个山茶花品种或栽培品种为亲本,开展30个远缘杂交组合试验.试验筛选出具有一定亲和力的种间杂交组合8个,2年共获得杂交种子513粒.其中,黄樽薄叶金花茶♀与防城金花茶♂组合的成果率最高,达到19.0%~37.3%,杂交果形状、大小、颜色似母本,而当年生杂交苗叶片大小、形状、光泽度等性状均表现出父母本的中间性状.

In order to create new germplasm of Camellia nitidissima Chi,30 hybridized combinations was carried out with 4 species of Sect. nitidissima （ C.chrysantha var. Longistyla, C.impressinervis Chang et S.Y.Liang, C.chrysanthoides ‘ Huangzun’ ,and C.chry- santha （Hu） Tuyama）,3 species of Sect. oleifera which included C.chekiangoleosa Hu,and 7 species or varieties of Sect. japonica including C.azalea Wei,C.japonica ‘ Amplesicauzsis’,C.japonica L. var. ‘ Kramer＇s Supreme ’,C.japonica var. ‘ Dormi ’ and C. japonica L. var. ‘ Hiemalis ’ as parents. The results showed that 8 hybridized combinations of high compatibility was obtained and 513 hybridized seeds was collected in 2 years. The hybrid fruit rate of C.chrysanthoides ‘ Huangzun’ $ ^C.chrysantha var. Longisty- la 5 was the highest,ranging from 19.0% to 37.3%. The size,shape and colour of hybrid fruits were closer to features of female parent. And size, shape and gloss of the leaf of 1-year-old hybrid seedling showed intermediate characteristics of parents.