大乌圆龙眼果实发育动态及其模型的建立

Study on Fruit Growth and Development of Dawuyuan Longan

【目的】研究大乌圆龙眼果实生长发育规律及进程,为大乌圆龙眼栽培管理提供参考。【方法】以大乌圆龙眼为试材,在龙眼果实发育期,每隔3 d对龙眼果实的纵径、大横径、小横径、单果重、果皮重、种子重、可溶性固形物含量以及可食率进行测定。【结果】大乌圆龙眼的果实生长发育曲线呈现近"S"型变化,纵径生长曲线前期较横径快,果实发育后期,小横径生长较快,而纵径和大横经则较为缓慢;果皮重、种子重和单果重在花后48 d果肉出现后开始快速增加;可溶性固形物含量均值在花后84~87 d快速增加,达到最大值18.8%,果实比熟度为10.0,果实完全成熟。根据所测果实各指标数据建立的大乌圆龙眼果实生长发育数学模型,拟合了多项回归方程式,其中果实纵径、大横径、小横径的拟合方程为一次多项式拟合方程,果皮重和单果重的拟合方程为二次多项式拟合方程,种子重的拟合方程为三次多项式拟合方程,可溶性固形物含量的拟合方程为五次多项式拟合方程,吻合程度依次为:单果重>果皮重>可溶性固形物含量>种子重>大横径、小横径>纵径。【结论】果实生长阶段,应结合果园实际情况适当施肥1~2次,在大乌圆龙眼果实正常成熟后及时采收(即花后84~90 d左右采收),保证龙眼产量和品质。

【Objective]】To providing a theoretical basis for taking appropriate measures for improving the yield and quality of Dawuyuan longan fruits,the growth and development laws of Dawuyuan longan fruit were studied.【Method】Dawuyuan longan was used as experimental materials,its three diameters,single fruit mass,pericarp mass,seed mass,soluble solids content and accumulative rate were observed every three days during the fruit development period. The dynamic change models of fruit growth measured index were established by polynomial regression and derivation calculus methods.【Result】The fruit growth curve showed S-shape,lengthways diameter increased faster than large transversel diameter in early time. But small transversely diameter growed faster,and large transversel diameter and lengthways diameter were relatively slow in late time. Pericarp mass,seed mass and single fruit mass increased rapidly when pulp merged 48 days after anthesis. Soluble solids content average increased rapidly 84-87 days after anthesis,reached maximum 18. 8 %,fruit than cooked degree was 10. 0,and the fruits were fully mature. The mathematical growth and development model of Dawuyuan longan fruit established according to the measured data fitted multinomial regression equations. Among them,lengthways diameter,large transversel diameter and small transversely diameter were linear equation. Fruit mass and pericarp mass were quadratic equation,seed mass was cubic polynomial fitting equation,the soluble solids content were five times polynomial fitting equation. Degree of agreement: fruit mass > pericarp mass > soluble solids content > large transversel diameter,small transversely diameter > lengthways diameter.【Conclusion】Proper fertilization in combination with the practical situation of orchard should be carried out 1-2 times in fruit growth stage. After the normal mature harvest( 84-90 days after anthesis),big black circle longan fruits should be harvested in time to ensure the yield and quality.