不同浓度CO_2施肥对温室黄瓜生长与产量的影响

Effects of different concentrations of CO_2 on the growth and yield of greenhouse cucumber Cucumis sativus L.

[目的]研究增施不同浓度CO_2对温室黄瓜生长发育与产量的影响。[方法]以"兴海7号"黄瓜为材料,通过对温室隔间进行4个不同浓度CO_2施肥处理,观测其对黄瓜植株生长与产量的影响。[结果]冬春季设施黄瓜的栽培,随着增施CO_2浓度的升高,黄瓜的株高、茎粗、叶面积、地上部干重、鲜重、果实发育及产量有明显的增长,且增施CO_2能够显著提升黄瓜净光合速率;整体来看,CO_2施肥浓度为800μmol·mol-1最为合适,株高较CK(400μmol·mol-1)的增长36.8%;茎粗增长26.7%;叶面积增长16.2%,地上部鲜重增加57.47%,干重增加40.08%;Amax增长70.05%;产量增长43.3%;差异较CK显著(P<0.05),与增施高浓度1 200μmol·mol-1和1 600μmol·mol-1差异并不明显(P>0.05)。[结论]CO_2施肥能有效提高黄瓜叶片的净光合速率,促进黄瓜的生长及产量形成,但过多的增施CO_2并不能有效提高产量,反而会增加施用CO_2的成本。

[Objective]The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of CO_2 at different concentrations on the growth and yield of cucumber in the greenhouse.[Methods]The cucumber cultivar xinghai NO.7 Cucumis sativus L.was served as the study material,and three different concentrations of CO_2,800,1 200,and 1 600μmol·mol^(-1),were applied separately on the plants in the greenhouse,and[CO_2]at 400μmol·mol^(-1) was used as control treatment.The changes of growth rate and yield of treated cucumber plants were determined.[Results]The results indicated that the major parameters of growth rate of cucumber plants,which were planted in greenhouse during winter and spring,showed positive interaction with the increase of CO_2 concentration.A significant increase(P<0.05)on the plant height,stem coarse,leaf area,dry weight of above ground part,fresh weight,fruit developmental rate,and yield,was observed.The net photosynthetic rate of cucumber treated with CO_2 at(Conc.)was improved significantly compared to control group.In the study,the[CO_2]at 800μmol·mol^(-1) produced the greatest increase on the plant height,stem,leaf area,fresh and dry weight on the ground,Amax,and the cucumber yield at 36.8%,26.7%,16.2%,57.47%,40.08%,70.05% and 43.3%,respectively,while no significant difference of plant growth and yield were detected among three tested[CO_2].[Conclusion]To summarize,the results indicated that CO_2 can effectively improve the net photosynthetic rate of cucumber leaves,and increase the growth and the yield of cucumber at 800μmol·mol^(-1).However,further increasing the concentration of CO_2 will not produce greater results.