基于文献研究的淮南煤矿区土壤重金属空间分布与污染评价

The Spatial Distribution and Pollution Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals Based on Literature Research from Coal Mining Areas in Huainan

[目的]探究淮南矿区重金属污染整体情况,为矿区土壤修复提供参考依据。[方法]查阅国内外数据库中关于淮南煤矿区近10年土壤重金属文献,分析了新庄孜矿、顾桥矿、潘一矿和大通矿Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Zn、Cu、Ni的空间分布,并运用地累积指数法评价其重金属污染状况。[结果]淮南土壤中Cd和As的含量均超过土壤背景值,分别为0.124~2.060和18.57~71.69 mg/kg;开采时间对矿区土壤重金属含量影响较大,潘一矿和新庄孜矿土壤中重金属含量均高于顾桥矿(除了Hg);同一矿区内农田中Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd含量低于生态修复区;土壤Cd、As的地累积指数表明:Cd属于中度污染至极强污染,As属于轻度污染至强度污染。[结论]重金属As和Cd对淮南矿区土壤修复有重要影响。

[ Objective]To analyze overall situation of Huainan mining area, which provides the reference for the soil restoration. [Method]In the domestic and foreign databases, 351 published papers about soil heavy metal were screened from 2007 to 2017 using key words. Based on these papers, the spatial distribution of heavy metals were analyzed at coal mining areas of Xinzhuangzi, Guqiao, Panyi and Datong, including Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, Zn, Cu, Ni. Soil contamination level of the heavy metals were assessed using the geo-accumulation index. [ Result] The average contents of Cd, As in the soil were 0. 124 - 2. 060 mg/kg and 18. 57 - 71. 69 mg/kg, which were all above the soil background value of Huainan. The concentration of soil heavy metals at coal mining areas of Panyi and Xinzhuangzi was higher than that of Guqiao mining area （except for Hg） , which showed that coal mining time has great influence on the content of heavy metals in soil in mining area. In the same mining area, The content of Zn, Pb and Cu and Cd were lower than that of ecological restoration. The geo-accumulation index value of Cd and As indicated that the Cd was moderately polluted to highly polluted and As was mild pollution to strength pollution. [ Conclusion ] Heav-y metals As and Cd have important effects on soil remediation in Huainan mining area.