论黄河下游河道的生态安全屏障作用

Discussion on Effect of Ecological Security Barrier of the Lower Yellow River

黄河下游近800 km河道是举世闻名的"地上悬河",是淮河水系和海河水系的分水岭。人民治黄70 a来,黄河下游治理取得了举世瞩目的成就,由下游标准化堤防、河道、中游水库群、分滞洪工程、非工程措施等所构成的防洪体系已成为黄淮海平原的生态安全屏障。但是,由于黄河水少沙多、水沙关系不协调,因此泥沙问题长期以来并没有得到根本解决,威胁下游防洪安全的"二级悬河"不利形态依然存在。依靠自然力量和现有水沙调控体系无法消除"二级悬河",治理"二级悬河"并彻底控制其进一步发展,必须借助于人工干预。本文提出结合现有技术,完善水沙调控体系,有效进行调水调沙,恢复下游合理的行洪滞洪处理泥沙的河道形态,以确保黄淮海平原生态安全屏障的安全。同时,结合沿黄城市发展,打造集滩区居民脱贫与持续发展、"二级悬河"治理、沿黄城市生态空间等为一体的生态带。

The lower Yellow River is known to the world asa suspended channel river and 800 km long channel is the watershed boundary of Haihe River and Huaihe River. During the Yellow River Management in recent 70 Years,it has made remarkable achievements in the lower Yellow River harnessing and the flood control system consisting of standardized dikes,channels,reservoir group in the middle Yellow River,flood diversion and detention projects and non-engineering measures has become the ecological security barrier of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.However,due to the characteristics of less water and more sediment and disharmony of relations of water and sediment of the Yellow River,the sediment problems have not been solved completely and unexpected conditions of Secondary Suspended Channel River( SSCR) that threat flood safety still exist. It is impossible to eliminate SSCR depending on natural forces and the existing water sediment regulation system. Artificial intervention is necessary to prevent developing of SSCR. In this study,in order to ensure the security of ecological barrier of Huang-HuaiHai Plain,combined with the existing technology,schemes for developing the construction of water and sediment control system to effectively regulate water and sediment,and schemes for carrying out ecological reengineering in the floodplain area to recovery the expected channel profiles were presented. At the same time,considering the development of cities along the Yellow River,schemes to build an ecological zone which included taking local residents out of poverty and into sustainable development,and managing SSCR effectively were studied and presented.