水声传感器网络的水声信道建模与仿真

Modeling and Simulation of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network Channel

水声信道模型是水声传感器网络建模仿真的基础,对能否正确模拟水声传感器网络通信状态具有重要影响。为了精确模拟水声信道,研究、分析了水声通信的传播延时、传播损失及环境噪声等模型,在水声传感器网络仿真软件Aqua-Sim中引入了海水温度、深度、盐度和酸碱度等变量,实现了Mac Kenzie声速建模和Ainslie&Mc Colm吸收系数模型的建模。仿真分析了各个参数对平均数据包延时、平均能量消耗以及平均吞吐量等网络性能的影响,结果表明声速模型与吸收系数模型的引入使得Aqua-Sim的仿真结果更加精确。此外,在MATLAB中实现了环境噪声模型的建模,得到了不同传播距离下的最优频率,分析了发射功率同通信距离和频率之间的关系。结果显示,在通信距离确定的条件下,选择适当的通信频率可以最小化发射功率,从而达到既满足高信噪比又节约能量的目的。

The channel models are important for the simulation of underwater acoustic sensor networks.In order to simulate underwater acoustic channel more accurately,this paper considers some factors,such as seawater temperature,depth,salinity and p H,and implements Mac Kenzie sound speed modeling and the Ainslie Mc Colm absorption coefficient modeling.Then the impact of each parameter on the network performance such as data packet delay,average energy consumption and average throughput is simulated and analyzed.The result shows that the introduction of the sound speed model and absorption coefficient model makes the underwater acoustic sensor simulation results more accurately.After that,MATLAB is used to model environment noise.The optimal frequency at different propagation distances is obtained and the relationship among transmission power,communication distance and frequency is analyzed.The results show that to control frequency and transmission power by studying the environment noise model can achieve high SNR and save energy,which provides a reference for other experiments about setting parameters.