MAVS介导的抗病毒天然免疫信号通路的调控

THE REGULATION OF MAVS-MEDIATED ANTIVIRAL INNATE IMMUNITY

先天性免疫通路作为抵御入侵的病原微生物第一道屏障,在宿主抗病毒反应中发挥重要的作用。细胞质中最重要的识别病毒RNA的模式识别受体是维甲酸诱导基因蛋白I和黑色素瘤分化相关基因5,它们有着相同的下游信号接头分子线粒体抗病毒信号蛋白(mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein,MAVS),MAVS在介导的先天性免疫中起中枢作用。MAVS介导的信号通路的激活是重要的抗病毒反应,但在长期的共存过程中,病毒进化出一系列拮抗MAVS的机制。同时,在静息状态下,为了防止过度免疫反应,细胞还具备一系列调控MAVS的机制。MAVS的精细调控对于行使细胞功能和发挥抗病毒反应至关重要。本文简单介绍了MAVS的结构和功能,总结了细胞对MAVS的转录和翻译后调控,最后阐述了病毒如何通过调控MAVS拮抗宿主先天性免疫,为细胞的免疫调节和控制病毒感染提供新的思路。

As the flrst barrier of immune defense towards invading pathogens, the signaling pathway of the innate immunity plays an important role in antiviral response. The most important cytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptors are retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 and differentiation-associated protein 5. They possess the same downstream adaptor mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein （MAVS）. MAVS functions as the central molecular tool in innate immunity signaling pathway. MAVS-mediated signaling pathway is the important antiviral mechanism. However, viruses obtain a series of anti-MAVS mechanisms in the long-term coexistence status. Furthermore, cells in the resting state possess a number of MAVS regulation mechanisms to avoid excessive immune response. The delicate regulation of MAVS is critical for cell function and antiviral response. This review briefly introduces the structure and function as well as transcriptional and translational regulation mechanisms of MAVS. Furthermore, the mechanisms how viruses “fight back” MAVS-mediate innate immunity are elaborated. Understanding the regulation mechanism of MAVS may provide new insights into therapeutic strategies for the immunity regulation and virus infection.