世界优秀吊环运动员成套动作编排特征研究

Research on the Characteristics of the Complete set of Action Choreographies of the World's Elite Rings Athletes

运用文献资料法、录像观察法、比较分析法和数理统计等方法,梳理里约奥运周期的3次世界锦标赛和里约奥运会吊环单项决赛前8名运动员的32套动作进行研究,旨在对其动作组别、难度价值和编排特征进行统计和分析,结合2013年和2017年男子竞技体操评分规则,探析世界优秀吊环运动员成套动作编排的规律。研究得出:(1)动作组别的变化使动作选择趋于丰富,屈伸上类动作的选择更加趋于明确;"后摆上成静止"类动作深受运动员喜爱;"力量动作和静止动作"使用频率最高;(2)下法动作较为单一,E组以上难度的下法还需多加创新和挖掘。成套动作的难度和完成要充分平衡,"以技术难度打天下"的理念要向以"力量、难度和艺术三者的完美结合"转变;(3)新规则的评分要求更加细化,动作组别由5变4,难度价值有升有降,动作选择愈加丰富,成套动作的编排将会越来越多样化、个性化、合理化、艺术化以及高难度化;(4)在东京奥运周期内,吊环项目的成套动作D分也将会出现5%左右的降幅。

Based on the methods of literature, video observation, comparative analysis and mathematical statistics, the paper explores the 32 sets of movements of the three Olympic championships of the Rio Olympic Games and the top 8 athletes of the Rio Olympic Games. This paper analyzes the rules of the action group, the difficulty value and the arrangement characteristics, and analyzes the rule of the elite athletic gymnastics scoring rules in 2013 and 2017. The study shows that： （1） the change of the action group makes the choice of action rich, the choice of the type of action is more clear; ＂after the put on the static＂ class action by the athletes love; ＂force action and static action ＂The use of the highest frequency; （2） the next action is more single, E group above the difficulty of the law also need more innovation and mining. The difficulty of the set of action and the completion of the need to fully balance the ＂technical difficulty to conquer the world＂ concept to ＂strength, difficulty and the perfect combination of the three artists＂;（3） the new rules of the score requirements more detailed; （4） in the Tokyo Olympic Games period, the number of sets of action will be more and more diversified, personalized, rationalized, artistic and highly difficult; （4） in the Tokyo Olympic Games , Rings project sets of action D points will also be about 5% decline.