古代官府馆藏访求探析

Analysis of the Collection Acquisition of Ancient Official Library

官府图书馆是古代四大图书馆类型之一,其发展源头可以追溯到夏商周的"学统王宫"乃至先夏的"史官活动",其馆藏访求可以谓之为社会发展的必然产物、文治教化的必要措施与文明传承的重要保障。在长期的馆藏访求实践中,古代逐步形成了以接收前朝庋书、吸纳士庶献书、求购民间遗书、誊抄官私藏书为主的访求方式与以专官管理、奖励促进、审核监控、目录指引、理论指导为主的访求机制,从而确保官府馆藏在历经重重书厄后仍能在古代图书馆事业中发挥中流砥柱的作用。

The offcial library is one of the four types of ancient libraries, whose history can be traced to the “academy controlled in royal” in the Xia-Shang-Zhou dynasties and even to the “historiographer activities” in the pro-Xia period. The collection acquisition of offcial library is the inevitable outcome of social development, the necessary measure of educational enlightenment and also the important guarantee of civilization inheritance. In the long-term practice of collection acquisition, many approaches appeared, such as inheriting the collection of previous dynasty, receiving the offered books of people, purchasing private collection, transcribing offcial books or private books, etc. At the same time, some guarantee measures were formed, such managing by specialized officials, formulating incentive schemes, taking supervisory inspection, compiling guide catalog and summarizing directive theory. And because of these, the ancient offcial collection could still play the signifcant role in ancient librarianship after so many calamities to offcial libraries.