人类学与政治学的交融:新政治人类学的“权力逻辑”

Integration of Anthropology and Politics: Logic of Power of Neo-Political Anthropology

从人类学的发展阶段来看,人类学在相当长的历史时期中是记述表现人类社会风土人情的学科,人类学对政治生活的关注也经历了一个从无到有的过程。在文化人类学产生之前的18世纪末至19世纪这一阶段中,人类学研究中涌现出部分人类学者开始重视人类社会中存在的非正式权力现象,人类学展示了政治化的倾向,文化人类学之后,政治化的倾向愈发明显。文化人类学阶段,人类学研究与政治的结合催生了文化人类学的分支学科,政治人类学。政治人类学的研究对象主要在于无国家社会中,政治权力的运作与亲属制度、继嗣等分不开关系。新政治人类学打破传统政治人类学学科时间、空间的界限,将研究对象聚焦于人类学社会"权力"的产生、分配和异化,在新政治人类学之下,人类学和政治学交汇融合、取长补短,为人类社会"善"的追求而不懈奋斗。

From the perspective of the development of Anthropology, Anthropology is a discipline describing the local customs andpractices of human society for a long period of time. Anthropology＇s attention to political life has also gone through a process fromscratch. In the period between the end of the 18th century and the 19th century, before the emergence of Cultural Anthropology, someanthropologists have begun to pay attention to the phenomenon of informal power existing in human society, Therefore, Anthropologyshows the tendency of anthropology politicalizing. And after Cultural Anthropology, the trend of anthropology politicalizing became moreand more obvious. In the stage of Cultural Anthropology , the combination of Anthropology and Politics gave birth to the branches ofCultural Anthropology, Political Anthropology. The main research object of Political Anthropology lies in the non-state society. And theoperation of political power is closely related to the kinship system and descent system. Neo-Political Anthropology breaks the boundaries of time and space in traditional Political Anthropology and focuses on the creation, distribution and alienation of ＂ powers＂ of human society. Under the perspective of Neo-Political Anthropology, Anthropology and Politics converge, and they learn form each otherand make unremitting efforts for the pursuit of ＂ goodness＂ in human society.