马铃薯原原种生产中基质、密度和施肥因子的优化

Optimization of Substrate Formulation,Planting Density and Fertilization for Producing Potato Original Cultivar Seeds

以马铃薯中熟品种"泉云4号"脱毒试管苗为试验材料,种植并生产原原种。采用三因素裂区设计,研究马铃薯原原种生产中基质、密度和施肥因子的优化。结果表明:基质配比、种植密度及追肥次数对马铃薯原原种的总产量、商品薯产量及经济参数有极显著影响;基质配比A4(蛭石∶珍珠岩∶河沙为1∶1∶2)的马铃薯原原种叶绿素含量及叶面积指数较高,其总产量、商品薯产量及相关经济参数最优;种植密度B1(株行距0.05m×0.10m)有效增加原原种总产量与商品薯产量,提高了经济效益;施肥次数C2(追肥2次·周-1)既可增加原原种产量,又能保证较高的商品薯率;基质配比、种植密度及追肥次数三因素之间有极显著性交互作用;本试验条件下,蛭石∶河沙为1∶1、株行距0.05m×0.10m时、追肥2次·周-1,原原种生产效益表现最好。

Virus-free test-tube seedlings of a potato cultivar,Quanyun No.4,were used in this study to analyze and optimize the cultivation conditions for producing original cultivar seeds.A complete split-plot experimental design was applied for the optimization on substrate formulation,planting density and fertilization in the experiment.The results indicated that the 3factors were highly significant in affecting the seed yield,marketable tuber production and economic indicators.The chlorophyll content,leaf area indices,tuber yield and relevant economic considerations of the seeds grown on Formula A4(substrate in a ratio of vermiculite∶perlite∶sand =1∶1∶2)were the highest among all tested media.The planting density B1 with a row spacing of 0.05m×0.10 meffectively increased the yields on seeds and marketable potatoes with an improved financial return.The Fertilization C2 applying fertilizer twice weekly increased the seed production while maintained a high percentage of marketable potatoes harvested.An extremely significant interaction among the substrate formulation,planting density and fertilization frequency was observed.In the end,the conditions for an efficient production of potato cultivar seeds would include a culture substrate consisting of vermiculite and sand in 1∶1ratio,a planting spacing between rows of 0.05m×0.10 m,and fertilizer application twice a week.