月球探测器力学环境研究及试验条件制定

Study on Mechanical Environment and Test Condition Design for Lunar Probes

相对于传统航天器,月球探测器所经历的某些力学环境具有特殊性,需要有针对性地开展研究并进行相应的环境模拟试验。文章分析了月球探测器力学环境在不同飞行阶段中的特点,对比较特殊的着陆冲击环境和颠簸振动环境分别开展了重点研究,并提出了相应的环境模拟试验条件制定方法。对于着陆冲击环境,采用以加速度试验条件、正弦振动试验条件、随机振动试验条件和冲击试验条件分频段等效包络的方法制定试验条件;对于颠簸振动环境,采用道路模拟试验台模拟颠簸能量的方法制定试验条件。所提出的方法已成功应用于嫦娥三号和嫦娥五号月球探测器的研制过程中,并通过了嫦娥三号月球探测器实际飞行验证。

Compared with traditional spacecrafts,lunar probes suffer from several special mechanical environments.Therefore,specific studies should be carried out and corresponding environmental simulation tests should be conducted.The mechanical environments for lunar probes during different mission phases,are studied in the paper especially the landing impact environment and the jolt vibration environment.Test condition design methods for corresponding environmental simulation are proposed.For the landing impact environment,the test condition is designed using an equivalent envelope method by formulating an acceleration test condition,a sine vibration test condition,a random vibration test condition and a shock test condition in different frequency bands.For the jolt vibration environment,the test condition is designed using an energy simulation method implemented by a vehicle road simulation system.The proposed methods in the paper have already been applied successfully in the development process of Chang'e-3 lunar probe and Chang'e-5 lunar probe,and verified by the actual flight of Chang'e-3 lunar probe.