事实与建构:“朱张会讲”叙述方式的演变

Facts and Establishment:Evolution of the Narration of the “Collaborative Lecture of Zhu and Zhang”

乾道三年的"朱张会讲"是朱熹、张栻围绕二人共同关心的学术问题所进行的一次讨论。对朱熹、张栻来说,这是一次完全平等的学术交流与对话。在同时代学者看来,朱张两人的学术成就与学术地位也难分轩轾,因而总是将两人相提并论。但是朱子门人后学基于其道统观念,在对"朱张会讲"的叙述中,突出朱熹的主流、正统地位,强调朱熹的主导作用,而将张栻描述为最后改变自己看法而完全认同朱熹之说。对"朱张会讲"的叙述是朱熹正统地位建构过程中的一个环节,但是随着朱子学地位的不断上升,这一叙述逐渐为更多士人所接受,并在元明清时期通过不断的重复变成被大多数士人学者所认可的"事实",为朱熹在当时的地位与影响提供佐证。对"朱张会讲"叙述方式的演变过程加以考察,思考历史事实与话语建构之间的关系,可以加深对思想观念形成过程的理解与把握。

The"Collaborative Lecture of Zhu and Zhang"in 1167 was a discussion between Zhu Xi and Zhang Shi over academic topics of their mutual concern.For Zhu and Zhang themselves,this academic dialogue was completely equal;and for contemporary scholars,Zhu and Zhang were of similar academic achievement and status,and were thus frequently compared to each other.By contrast,based on the idea of Daotong,Zhu's disciples highlighted his dominance and orthodoxy and emphasized his leading role in the dialogue.Moreover,in their narrative of the"Collaborative Lecture of Zhu and Zhang",Zhang Shi totally converted to Zhu's doctrine in the end.This narrative was a part of the establishment of Zhu's orthodoxy,but with the rising status of Zhu's doctrine,it was accepted by an increasing number of shcolars and had gradually become the"fact"acknowledged by most scholars in Yuan,Ming and Qing due to constant repetition,thus providing evidence for Zhu's status and influence at that time.Therefore,investigating the evolution of the narration of the"Collaborative Lecture of Zhu and Zhang"and studying the relationship between historical facts and discourse constructions will provide a deeper understanding of the formulation of the ideology.