英国《2015年反恐怖主义法》中的“临时禁入令”制度研究

On Temporary Exclusion Orders in the UK Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015

"临时禁入令"是英国《2015年反恐怖主义法》第2条针对恐怖分子跨国流动新增的重要预防措施,分为普通临时禁入令与紧急临时禁入令。为了满足人权与法治的要求,英国立法机关规定国务大臣颁布的"临时禁入令"必须接受司法审查,并为当事人规定了申请返境许可与申请对国务大臣的决定进行司法审查两项救济措施。从其法律渊源与适用程序来看,"临时禁入令"兼具行政制裁与司法处分的双重性质。我国《反恐怖主义法》第39条与规定"临时禁入令"和英国《2015年反恐怖主义法》第2条都是为了预防与惩治恐怖分子的跨国流动而制定,在性质上是相同的。但是比较而言,前者在程序的透明性与救济的有效性两个方面还有所欠缺,立法机关可以参考英国的相关规定,在相关实施细则中增加程序性规定与司法救济措施。

The system of"temporary exclusion orders"provided in Article 2 of UKCounter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015(the Act)specially aims to prevent flows of foreign terrorist fighters(FTF).To meet the requirements of respect for human rights and the rule of law,the Act provides that"temporary exclusion orders"must be reviewed by corresponding courts before being issued by the Secretary of State except for emergency cases.Meanwhile,the Act offers two remedies to citizens prohibited from entering the UK,including the right to apply for a permit to return and that to apply to the courts to review the decisions made by the Secretary of State.Both Article 39 of the Counter-Terrorism Law of PRCand Article 2 of the Act aim to prevent flowing of FTFs and are of the same nature.However,the former are deficient in relation to procedural transparency and effective remedies.Chinese legislature may consider providing procedural safeguards and judicial remedies in implementation guidelines referring to relevant articles in the Act.