生物有机肥对工程扰动土地玉米的光合特性及产量的影响——以乌蒙山区云南省曲靖市马龙县试验地为例

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Maize in Engineering Disturbed Land——A Case of Malong County Experiment Land in Qujing City,Yunnan Province,Wumeng Mountainous Area

[目的]研究生物有机肥对工程扰动土地玉米的光合特性及产量的影响。[方法]以马龙县工程扰动1年土壤和玉米为研究对象和材料,研究不同施肥处理对工程扰动地玉米光合特性和产量的影响。[结果]与不施肥处理相比,配施生物有机肥处理的玉米光合速率显著提高、胞间CO2浓度均有提高;配施生物有机肥处理除牛粪与菌剂组a处理外,玉米产量明显提高,以牛粪与菌剂b配施化肥的处理效果最显著。与单施化肥相比,配施生物有机肥处理中牛粪与菌剂b处理对玉米光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率的影响均达最高,产量也达最高;除胞间CO2浓度外,牛粪与菌剂b处理与单施化肥处理相比对玉米光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率的影响均达显著性差异。菌剂b对工程扰动玉米光合速率提升效果、玉米胞间CO2浓度提升均优于菌剂a。腐熟牛粪效果好于精制有机肥。生物有机肥处理中,牛粪对玉米蒸腾速率的影响的效果优于精制有机肥。[结论]该研究为合理施肥、快速培肥工程扰动土壤、提高作物产品质量提供科学依据和实践指导。

[Objective] To research the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize in engineering disturbed land.[Method] With one-year engineering disturbed land and maize as the research objects and materials,we researched the effects of different fertilization treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize.[Result]Compared with the non-fertilizer treatment,the maize yield of bio-organic fertilizer was obviously improved. Intercellular CO_2 concentration also enhanced. Except the treatment of cow dung and bacteria agent a,maize yield in treatment of applying bio-organic fertilizer enhanced significantly. And the treatment of cow dung and bacteria agent b was the most significant. Compared with single application of fertilizer,treatment of cow dung and bacteria agent b reached the maximum values in maize yield,photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_2 concentration and transpiration rate. Except intercellular CO_2 concentration,treatment of cow dung and bacteria agent b reached significant differences in maize photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate compared with single application of fertilizer. Bacteria agent b was superior to bacteria agent a in enhancing maize photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO_2 concentration,and cow dung was superior to refined organic fertilizer. In bio-organic fertilizer treatment,cow dung was superior to refined organic fertilizer in affecting the maize transpiration rate. [Conclusion] This research provided scientific basis and practice guidance for rational fertilizer application,rapid fertilization of engineering disturbed land,and enhancing crop quality.