湖南省降水强度等级标准探讨

Discussion on the Standard of Precipitation Intensity Level in Hunan Province

在依据我国相关法律、法规,并查阅国内外相关标准基础上,结合暴雨及其灾害影响的相关研究成果,初步选择24 h降水量、24 h内最大小时雨量、降水序列百分位3个因子来确定单站降水强度指数,再与降水区域指数相结合确定降水强度等级,最终将降水强度等级划分为四级,由强到弱依次为Ⅰ级(极端降水)、Ⅱ级(特强降水)、Ⅲ级(强降水)、Ⅳ级(较强降水)。根据选择的降水强度等级标准,对2016年7月1—4日降水过程进行检验,结果表明标准选择客观、可用;2016年1月1日—9月10日湖南省逐日降水强度等级结果也表明初步设置的标准能客观评价降水强度等级。该标准的应用不仅能有效监测和评估洪涝灾害的影响程度,还能为政府部门科学进行防汛救灾提供参考作用。

Based on the relevant laws and regulations of China,combining with the internal and overseas standard and the related research results of rainstorm and its disaster impact,this study preliminary selected 24-hour precipitation,maximum hour precipitation and percentile of precipitation sequence to determine precipitation intensity index for single station. The precipitation intensity level that was determined by precipitation intensity index and area index was divided into four grades: levelⅠ(extreme precipitation),levelⅡ(extra heavy rainfall),level Ⅲ(heavy rainfall)and level Ⅳ(strong precipitation). According to the precipitation intensity level standard,the results of the examination of precipitation process during July 1-4,2016 showed that the standard was objective and available. The test of daily precipitation from January 1 to September 10,2016 using this standard also gave the same result. The application of this standard will not only effectively monitor and assess the impact of flood disasters,but also provide a good reference for flood control and disaster relief for government departments.