上海市居民绿色电力支付意愿研究

Research on household's willingness to pay for green power in Shanghai

绿色电力在具有环保属性的同时,生产成本也远高于火力发电,因而其市场价格要高于传统火电。在面对电力市场改革的政策背景下,需求侧对绿色电力环境属性的额外支付意愿是绿色电力保持市场竞争力、能够持续发展的关键因素。上海是中国发展程度最高的城市之一,对上海市绿色电力发展的研究将为未来中国绿色电力的发展提供理论依据。因此,本研究使用双边界条件价值评估法测算了上海市居民对绿色电力环境属性的额外支付意愿,并分析了影响该支付意愿的主要因素。结果表明,上海市居民对于绿色电力的支付意愿受到被访者年龄、教育程度、收入水平、生活条件、对环境的敏感性等因素的影响;年龄较低、收入水平较高、教育程度较高的被访者对绿色电力的额外支付意愿较高,相比于自有住房居民,租住用户的支付意愿相对较低;居住在较为老旧住房的被访者对绿色电力的额外支付意愿相对较高,该支付意愿也将随着被访者对上海市电价水平以及环境情况了解程度的加深而增高。进一步,根据本文对绿色电力支付意愿的测算结果,结合2016年居民部门用电总量及可再生能源发电比例,本文测得2016年居民部门的额外支付意愿能够给予绿色电力约3.34亿元的支持。本文认为,中国正处于高速发展时期,绿色能源的发展空间仍非常巨大,居民部门为代表的需求侧将成为促进中国绿色电力发展的重要力量。中国应该充分发挥需求侧的作用,进一步推进中国绿色能源的发展。

Due to higher production cost,the market price for green power is higher than that of thermal power. Thus,competitiveness and development of green power should be achieved through subsidies which are paid by final users. Shanghai is the most developed city in China. The research on green power of Shanghai will supply key experience for other cities. In this paper,we use Double Bounded Contingent Value Method( DB-CVM) to estimate household's willingness to pay for green power and its influencing factors.It shows that consumer's willingness to pay for green power is affected by factors such as age,education level,income and sensitivity to the environment pollutions. Younger residents with higher income level and education level have higher WTP for green power.Comparing to the household living in their own house,the households who rent an apartment have a lower WTP. What's more,with a deeper understanding of the electricity price and pollution level,residents will pay more for green power. Based on the total households' electricity consumption and the total green power generation ratio of Shanghai in 2016,our result shows that the subsidy for green power from the household could be 334 million RMB yuan. China has greater potential to promote the development of green power through supporting policies from demand side.