节能减排政策措施对产业结构调整与升级的有效性

Are energy-saving and emission reduction policy measures effective for industrial structure restructuring and upgrading?

利用节能减排政策推动产业结构调整与升级进而促进节能减排是我国环境治理工作的重要策略之一。在产业结构调整与升级对节能减排有着至关重要的推动作用得以证实的情况下,不禁疑问节能减排政策措施对产业结构的调整与升级有效吗?本文在系统收集我国1978—2013年间颁布的1 195条节能减排政策以及对节能减排政策精读的基础上,通过对相应政策的政策力度、政策措施、政策目标的量化,构建了节能减排政策中行政措施、财政税收措施、人事措施、金融措施、引导措施、其它经济措施的有效性度量模型,通过构建时间序列计量模型,运用稳健标准误和单位根-协整检验分别探讨了节能减排政策中各单项政策措施及不同措施协同对产业结构调整升级的影响。结果表明:节能减排政策对产业结构升级的整体促进作用显著大于阻碍作用;节能减排政策中的金融措施、引导措施对产业结构调整与升级具有显著的促进作用,行政措施、财政税收措施、其他经济措施对产业结构升级存在一定的阻碍作用;引导措施和金融措施的协同对产业结构升级的正向影响效果大于只考虑财政税收措施和其他经济措施协同的负向影响效果,也显著大于行政措施、财政税收措施、其他经济措施协同的负向影响效果。重视并加强对产业结构调整与升级有显著正向作用的政策措施单独和协同的使用,减少或避免无显著影响或有负向作用的政策措施单独和协同的使用,是利用节能减排政策推动产业结构调整与升级进而促进节能减排的有效途径。

The use of energy-saving emission reduction policies to promote industrial restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate energy-saving and emission reduction is one of the important strategies of environmental management in China. On condition that industrial structure restructuring and upgrading has a crucial role in the promotion of energy-saving and emission reduction could be confirmed,we can not help wondering that the energy-saving emission reduction policies and measures are effective for the industrial structure adjustment and upgrading? Based on the systematic collection of 1 195 energy-saving emission reduction policies promulgated in China from 1978 to 2013 and the intensive reading of energy-saving and emission-reduction policies,we build the measurement model to illustrate the effectiveness of the administrative measures,fiscal and tax measures,personnel measures,financial measures,guidance measures,and other economic measures in the energy-saving and emission reduction policies through the quantification to the policy power,policy measures and policy objectives of the corresponding policies. In the meantime,we discuss the influence of individual measure and measure synergy of energy-saving and emission reduction policies on industrial structure restructuring and upgrading respectively through constructing the time series econometric model and using the stochastic standard error and the unit rootcointegration test. The results show that the energy-saving and emission reduction policies have a significant effect on the overall promotion of industrial upgrading. The financial measures and guidance measures of energy-saving and emission reduction policies have a positive impact on industrial structure restructuring and upgrading,which is greater than the inhibiting effect; the financial measures and guidance measures of energy-saving and emission reduction policies have significantly positive effect on the restructuring and upgrading of industrial structure,however,the administrative measures,fiscal tax measures and other economic measures do the opposite; the positive effect of the synergy of guidance measures and financial measures on the upgrading of industrial structure is greater than the negative effect of considering only the synergy of fiscal tax measures and other economic measures,and significantly greater than the negative effect of the synergy of administrative measures,fiscal tax measures,and other economic measures. We should strengthen and emphasize the use of the measure which has positive effect on industrial structure restructuring and upgrading individually and synergistically,and reduce or avoid using the measure which has non-significant or negative effect on industrial structure restructuring and upgrading. It is an effective way to promote the industrial structure restructuring and upgrading and thus facilitate the effect of energy-saving and emission reduction by using the policy of energy-saving and emission reduction.