昭君诗的唐宋之变

Evolution of Poems on Zhaojun in the Tang and Song Dynasties

作为乐府诗题之一,昭君诗的主题内容和情感寄托由唐至宋发生了较大转变。宋人通过对昭君典故的重新解读,将昭君由传统宫怨诗中垂泪自恋的弱质宫女塑造成重持守、为国难、秉名节的高尚女性形象,以往昭君诗中的悲怨哀怜之情也被其坚韧人格和民族气节所取代,昭君诗的悲剧性因此由阴柔美转向了崇高美。这种新变与宋代思想上理学的发展、国情上外患的加重和政治上党争的云变有着重要关联。

Poems on Zhaojun belong to the category of Yuefu poetry. The theme, content and emotional sustenance of those poems underwent great change from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. Through the reinterpretation of the Zhaojun allusions, the traditional image of Zhaojun has changed from a weeping and narcissistic woman into a patriotic woman of integrity. The melancholy feeling of pity was replaced by a tenacious personality and patriotism. This change resulted from the development of the Song Neo-Confucianism, foreign aggression and political factional strife.