民国时期的公共卫生护士制度及其实践

Public Health Nurse System and Its Practice in the Republic of China

公共卫生护士是随近代公共卫生学而兴起,在公共卫生所有的治疗、保健和预防工作中承担责任的职业群体。至今公共卫生护士是许多国家的公共卫生人力资源中数量最多的组成部分,拥有高效的公共卫生护理人力资源是促进人群健康的重要保证。民国初年,公共卫生护士首先在北京、上海开始引进,知识界和卫生界对公共卫生护士连接卫生机关与基层社会的的重要作用有着深刻认识。南京国民政府时期,又在一些卫生试验区进行试点,公共卫生护士进行家庭访视、预防注射和承担护理工作,对民众保健做出了重要贡献。到抗战爆发前夕,已经推广到十几个省份。民国时期效法欧美,对公共卫生护士的制度建设、试点做出了一定的努力,为我国基层公共卫生建设提供了有益经验。

Public health nurses are the professional groups responsible for all the treatment, health care and prevention of public health with the rise of modern public health. During the period of the Republic of China, some efforts were made on the system construction and pilot work of public health nurses by learning from European and American countries, and provided useful experience for the construction of public health at the grass-roots level in China.