基于建筑能耗特征的城市建筑碳减排研究——以深圳市为例

Approaches of Buildings Carbon Mitigation Based on Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Civil Building Energy Consumption: A Case Study on Shenzhen, China

使用DeST模型,对深圳市典型民用建筑类型的能耗进行模拟,归纳出各类型建筑能耗的时空特征。结果显示:深圳市各类民用建筑能耗特征表现出较大的时空异质性,居住建筑的单位面积能耗小,但总量大;商业建筑虽然数量相对较少,但单个建筑体量大,且单位面积能耗大,因此总量不容忽视;办公建筑对模型参数变化最敏感,节能潜力大。结合深圳市"十三五"发展规划,对深圳市建筑碳减排策略提出以下建议:1)全面打造智慧城市,建立、健全建筑能耗监测体系,更科学地管理能耗行为;2)全面普及绿色建筑,在对新建民用建筑全面执行绿色建筑标准的同时,重视老建筑的节能改造,根据不同类型建筑的能耗特征,分别采取部分改造、拆除重建、优化房间组合以及提高能耗效率等措施。

The DeST model is used to simulate the energy consumption of typical civil buildings in Shenzhen, and the temporal and spatial characteristics of energy consumption of various types of buildings are summarized. The results show that different civil buildings in Shenzhen have different energy consumption characteristics in space and time. Residential buildings with low energy consumption per unit area are most widely distributed, and commercial buildings with limited numbers have the largest volume and high energy intensity, so the total consumption can not be ignored. Meanwhile, office buildings, most sensitive to the parameters change, have great energy saving potential. Combined with the development plan of Shenzhen 13th Five-Year Plan, suggestions on the strategy of building carbon reduction in Shenzhen can be summarized as follows： 1） building a comprehensive smart city, creating an exhaustive monitoring network for measuring energy consumption of various types of buildings, managing energy consumption behavior more scientifically; 2） constructing green buildings in an all-round way, implementing green building standards when constructing new buildings, and valuing the reconstruction of old buildings as well, taking appropriate measures （for instants, taking part of the transformation, demolishing and reconstructing, optimizing the room combination and improving energy efficiency） when recons-tructing according to the different energy consumption characteristics of the different types of buildings.