中国水资源使用效率影响因素分析

Factors for water use efficiency in China

利用指数分解模型对影响中国用水量变化和水资源使用效率的驱动因子进行定量研究。模型计算结果表明,在2000—2015年期间,经济发展和人口规模扩大是促进全国用水量增加的主要驱动因子,并且前者的贡献率远远高于后者;行业用水技术进步和工业结构的优化都有利于用水总量的降低和用水效率的提高,但行业用水效率提高具有较大的贡献率,贡献率分别为76%和53%。最后提出研究期内水资源管理政策的评估和反思。

The exponential decomposition model is used to quantitatively study the driving factors that affect the water consumption and water use efficiency in China.The results of the model calculation show that during the period of 2000—2015,the economic development and population expansion are the main driving factors to promote the increase of water consumption in China,and the contribution rate of the former is much higher than that of the latter.The technological progress of water use in industries and the optimization of industrial structure all contribute to the decrease of water consumption and water use efficiency.However,the industry water efficiency has a greater contribution rate,that is,76% and 53%,respectively.Finally,the assessment and reflection of water resource management policies during the study period are put forward.