新能源汽车网络效应分析——来自我国城市面板数据的证据

An Analysis of the Network Effect of New Energy Vehicles——Evidence from Urban Panel Data in China

新能源汽车推广是缓解能源供给压力,减轻环境保护负担的重要举措,是国家大力扶持行业。本文主要选取充电设施建设补贴和汽车购置补贴作为代表性政策,利用2011～2015年的城市面板数据,运用固定效应回归模型和工具变量法,建立了政策的评价体系,区分直接网络效应和间接网络效应,根据政策与新能源市场的发展结果,测度和比较充电设施补贴政策和汽车购置补贴政策的政策效应。新能源汽车政策投入大、周期较长,对比不同政策的市场效应,有利于降低政策成本,提高政策效率和决策效率,促进新能源汽车市场的发展。研究结果显示,充电桩和购置补贴对于新能源汽车推广具有显著影响,随着新能源汽车的购置补贴标准逐步退坡,补贴金额逐年降低,加快充电桩基础设施建设,消除消费者的充电焦虑,是推广新能源汽车的重要政策方向。

New energy vehicle promotion is important to alleviate the pressure of energy supply and reduce the burden of environmental protection,China strongly supports the industry by policies. Charging pile subsidy and purchase subsidy are regarded as the representative policy. Based on the urban panel data from 2011 to 2015,this paper uses the fixed effect regression model and the instrument method to establish the evaluation system of the policy,and distinguishes the direct network effect and the indirect network. According to the policy and the development of new energy market,this paper measures and compares the policy effect of charging facilities and the purchase subsidy policy. New energy vehicle policy needs large investment and long operation cycle,the compare of the different policy effects is helpful to reduce policy costs,improve policy efficiency and decision-making efficiency,and finally promote the development of new energy automotive market. The results show that the charging pile and the purchase subsidy have a significant effect on the promotion of new energy vehicles. With the purchase subsidy standard of new energy vehicles gradually receding,the amount of purchase subsidy decreases year by year,accelerating the construction of charging pile infrastructure and eliminating consumer anxiety is important policy direction to promote new energy vehicles.