健康干预对农村中老年人健康知识、态度和行为的影响

The Effect of Health Intervention on Health Knowledge,Attitude and Practice among the Middle-aged and Elderly People in Rural China

随着我国老龄化程度日益加深,中老年人将成为我国人口的重要组成部分,他们的健康状况需要给予特别关注,健康促进工作应该从中年人做起。为了探讨健康干预对农村中老年人健康知识、态度和行为的影响,本文采用2011年和2015年中日家庭保健项目数据,运用Logistic回归分析健康知识、态度和行为的影响因素,运用双重差分法计算健康干预项目的净效果。研究结果显示:接受健康干预后,农村中老年人的健康知识、态度观念以及行为表现等方面均发生了明显的改善。在控制其他变量的前提下,健康干预使中老年人对血压知识、糖尿病知识的知晓率分别提高了29.3%和20.3%,对定期检查身体和饮食营养搭配的认同概率分别提升了10.9%和19.1%,近期体检行为和参加体力劳动的概率分别提升了20.6%和7.9%。健康干预对受教育程度较高、自评健康状况较好、在婚状态的农村中老年人的健康知识、态度和行为的改善效果更佳。中老年人的健康干预项目符合"健康中国2030"的目标要求,是卫生计生部门整合的有益探索,能够改善农村中老年人的健康状况。在以后的健康干预项目中需要对中老年人进行有针对性的健康干预,不断提升中老年人的健康水平,保障他们晚年的生活质量。

With the accelerating aging process of the population, the middle-aged and elderly people will become an important component of China＇ s population. Their health status should be given the special attention. Moreover, the health promotion work should be started from the middle-aged and elderly people. Based on the data from Chinese and Japanese Family Health Program in 2011 and 2015 ,this paper address- es the effect of the health intervention on health knowledge, attitude and practice of the middle-aged and el- derly people in rural China using logistic regression analysis and calculates the net effect of health interven- tion using difference-in-difference method. The results show that, after receiving the health intervention, the middle-aged and elderly people improved their health knowledge, attitude and practice. Health inter- vention achieves good effect on the middle-aged and elderly people, which increases the probability of knowing blood pressure and diabetes by 29.3% and 20.3% respectively, probability of agreeing the check-ups regularly and nutrition arrangement by 10.9% and 19.1% respectively, and probability of attend- ing physical examination recently and manual work by 10.6% and 7.9% respectively, while controlling oth- er relevant variables. Health intervention achieves the more significant effects on health knowledge, attitude and practice among the middle-aged and elderly people with higher education level, better self-rated health status and in marriage. Therefore, as a valuable exploration on the health care sector integration, the health intervention program fully complies with the requirements of the ＂Healthy China 2030＂ and enhances the health of rural elderly. In order to improve the health level of middle-aged and elderly people and ensure their quality of later life, health intervention program need to give full consideration to carrying out targeted health intervention in the future.