ICU内急性肾损伤流行病学现况

Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in Intensive Care Unit

急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury，AKI）是重症医学科（intensive care unit，ICU）患者常见的综合征，其导致重症患者住院病死率增加，住院时间延长，肾替代治疗（renalreplacementtherapy，RRT）比例增加，医疗花费增加，部分患者会转变为慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease，CKD），严重影响患者的近期及远期预后。本文回顾近数十年的相关研究，综述ICU内AKI的发病率、病死率等流行病学现况，为研究设计的开展及质控措施的制定提供流行病学依据。

Acute kidney injury （AKI） is commonly occurred in critically ill patients. AKI leads to increased mortality, prolonged hospital stay, an increasing need of renal replacement therapy （RRT） , development of chronic kidney disease （CKD）, and increased medical costs, significantly affecting short - term and long - term outcomes of critically ill patients. This article aims to review relative studies in the past decades and summarize epidemiology of acute kidney injury in Intensive Care Unit, and therefore to provide epidemiology basis for the design of research and quality control.