资本—技能互补、技能偏态型技术进步与中国大学教育溢价

Capital-skill Complementarity,Skill-biased Technological Progress and College Premium in China

利用我国1996年~2014年的省级面板数据,借鉴并改进总量生产函数构建规模报酬可变的二级CES生产函数,采用空间计量研究方法实证检验我国资本—技能和技能偏态型技术进步下的大学教育溢价。结果表明:经济增长对资本的依存度较强,人力资本与教育人力资本对经济增长的贡献值不足,但具备大学教育程度的高阶人力资本较非大学教育的低阶人力资本有着更强的不可替代性;高、低阶人力资本在样本期内能显著提高技术效率,技术效率的取值区间为[0.005 653 1,0.516 883 4]。高—低阶人力资本在地理空间上的自相关性较强,通过空间杜宾模型分析发现:资本—技能互补为正向机制;高阶人力资本的空间增长效应大于资本投入的弹性产出;技能偏态型技术进步使高校扩招政策并未降低大学教育溢价。

Based on the provincial panel data from 1996 to 2014 in China,this paper constructs the two stage CES production function with variable returns to scale and uses spatial econometrics to test capital-skill and college premium in China. This empirical analysis indicates that the dependence of economic growth on capital is strong,while the contribution of human capital and educational human capital is not enough,but the higher-level human capital which has university education is more irreplaceable than low-level human capital; both of high and low level human capital can significantly improve the technical efficiency during the sample period,in which the range of technical efficiency falls within the range of [0. 005 653 1,0. 516 883 4];high and low level human capital has a stronger autocorrelation in geography and space. The spatial model of Durbin finds the positive mechanism of capital-skill complementarity,and the spatial growth effect of highlevel human capital is greater than the elastic output of capital input,while the enrollment policy has not lowered the collage premium because of skill-biased technological change.