关闭矿山采煤沉陷地农业复垦路径选择

Pathway of agricultural land reclamation in subsided closed coal mining areas

我国人多地少的国情决定了农业复垦是矿山关闭后首选的复垦方式,但是传统农业效益低、产出少,这极大地阻碍了地方政府和煤矿企业的农地复垦积极性,因此必须探索一条现代高效农业复垦的新路径。本文以东北老工业基地——辽宁沈煤集团沈北矿区采煤沉陷地为例,基于现场调查法、RS技术和GIS技术,以及极限条件法和指数和法相结合的方法,分析了辽宁沈北矿区采煤沉陷地损毁现状,指出了采煤沉陷地农业复垦制约因素,探讨了采煤沉陷地农业复垦的选择路径。结果表明,采煤沉陷地复垦为现代农业是可行的,也是必要的。浅塌陷区可以重点发展特色农业和生态观光农业,而季节性性积水区则可发展养殖、种植、加工三位一体的立体农业和生态观光农业,大面积深积水区则适宜开发为湿地农业,发展生态旅游。

Agricultural use of reclaimed land in coal mining areas is a preferred way due to the more population but less arable land in China. However, traditional agricultural benefit is too low to greatly hinder the agricultural reclamation enthusiasm of the local government and coal enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a new pathway introducing modern and efficient agricultural operation models. Based on the field investigation, RS and GIS technology, and the combination of limit condition method and exponential method,this paper,taking Shenbei mining area in Sbenyang coal industry group of Liaoning as an example, analyzed the restraining factors of agricultural reclamation in mining subsidence land and developed the pathways of agricultural reclamation. The results show that the reclamation of the coal mining subsidence land is feasible and necessary for modern agriculture. The shallow subsided area could be reclaimed for characteristic agriculture or ecological tourism agriculture; the seasonal watershed area could be developed for three-dimensional agriculture trinity of breeding, planting, processing or ecological tourism agriculture;large deep water area could be suitable for wetland use or ecotourism.