新疆博格达山岩面生地衣群落结构特征

Community structure characteristics of saxicolous lichens in the Bogda Mountains of Xinjiang,China

根据对新疆博格达山岩面生地衣群落20个样点(20m×20m)调查的数据,以各地衣种的盖度为指标结合双向指示种分析方法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析法(DCA)对博格达山岩面生地衣群落进行数量分类并分析了群落结构特征及其多样性和相似性。采用典范对应分析法(CCA)对各群落的物种分布格局与环境因子的关系进行研究。结果表明,TWINSPAN分析和DCA排序将分布在博格达山的37种岩面生地衣分为以下5个群丛。群丛1:斑纹网衣(Lecidea tessellate Florke)+粉芽盾衣(Peltula euploca(Ach.)Poelt)+杜瑞氏黄梅(Xanthoparmelia durietzii Hale)群丛,有25个种,总覆盖度为30.145%,多样性为4.025;群丛2:袋衣(Hypogymnia physodes(L.)Nyl.)+白边平茶渍(Aspicilia sublaqueata(H.Magn.)J.C.Wei)+砖孢胶衣(Collema subconveniens Nyl.)群丛,有17个种,地衣总盖度为15.885%,多样性为3.196;群丛3:聚茶渍(Lecanora accumulate H.Magn.)+丽石黄衣(Xanthoria elegans(Link)Th.Fr.)+亚洲平茶渍(Aspicilia asiatica(H.Magn.)Yoshim.)群丛,有30个种,地衣总盖度为37.87%,多样性为4.357;群丛4:中华石果衣(Endocarpon sinense H.Magn.)+伴藓大孢蜈蚣衣(Physconia muscigena(Ach.)Poelt.)+垫脐鳞衣(Rhizoplaca melanophthalma(DC.)Leuckert&Poelt)群丛,有24个种,地衣总盖度为30.458%,多样性为3.912;群丛5:石胶衣(Collema flaccidum(Ach.)Ach.)+短绒皮果衣(Dermatocarpon vellereum Zschacke)+绿黑地图衣(Rhizocarpon viridiatrum(Wulfen)Korber.)群丛,有18个种,地衣总盖度为19.331%,多样性为3.515。CCA排序结果反映,该地区岩面生地衣的分布与海拔高度、光照强度、岩石pH和人为干扰有关,其中影响最大的因素是海拔高度,其次为光照强度和干扰。坡向和岩石大小对地衣种类分布的影响不显著。

In this investigation of saxicolous lichen communities in the Bogda Mountains using 20 quadrats （20m×20m）, the data were classified based on species coverage using two-way indicator species analysis （TWINSPAN） and detrended correspondence analysis （DCA）. Community structure characteristics, species diversity, and similarity index were analyzed. The relationship between species distribution of saxicolous lichens and six different environmental factors was examined by canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）. The results showed that the saxicolous lichen community can be divided into five associations according to the TWINSPAN analysis and DCA ordination：Association 1 （Lecidea tessellata Florke＋Peltula euploca （Ach.） Poelt＋Xanthoparmelia durietzii Hale）, including 25 species with the total coverage of 30.145% and diversity of 4.025; Association 2 （Hypogymnia physodes （L.） Nyl. ＋Aspicilia sublaqueata （H. Magn.） J. C. Wei＋Collema subconveniens Nyl.）, including 17 species with the total coverage of 15.885% and diversity of 3.196; Association 3 （Lecanora accumulata H. Magn. ＋Xanthoria elegans （Link） Th. Fr. ＋Aspicilia asiatica （H. Magn.） Yoshim.）, including 30 species with the total coverage of 37.87% and diversity of 4.357; Association 4 （Endocarpon sinense H. Magn. ＋Physconia muscigena （Ach.） Poelt. ＋Rhizoplaca melanophthalma （DC.） Leuckert ＆ Poelt）, including 24 species with the total coverage of 30.458% and diversity of 3.912; and Association 5 （Collema flaccidum （Ach.） Ach. ＋Dermatocarpon vellereum Zschacke＋Rhizocarpon viridiatrum （Wulfen） Korber.）, including 18 species with the total coverage of 19.331% and diversity of 3.515. The CCA ordination results showed that the species composition and distribution pattern of saxicolous lichens were most strongly influenced by altitude, then light intensity, rock pH, and human disturbance; the distribution pattern of the lichen communities did not significantly correlate with aspect and rock size.