产业集群、技术外溢与企业创新绩效

Industrial Clustering,Technology Spillovers and Firm Innovation Performance

产业集群是促进技术外溢的重要机制。但相关理论还缺乏充分的经验证据支持。已有为数不多的实证研究存在以下缺陷:产业集群的指标度量不合理,将产业集群对创新的直接效应等同于技术外溢效应,产业集群的地理与行业范围选择过宽。基于产业相近度指标可更为合理地度量各地区的产业集群程度,检验同行业中其他企业的研发对本企业创新的外溢效应以及产业集群对这种外溢效应的影响。研究结果表明:(1)同行业中其他企业的研发对本企业的创新有显著的外溢效应,但这种外溢效应仅在产业集群程度较高的地区存在;(2)民营企业和中小型企业更能从产业集群中获得外部研发活动的外溢效应。

Economic theory predicts that other firms＇ RD activities are helpful for a firm＇s innovation via technology spillovers and that industrial clustering is an important mechanism to promote technology spillovers. Yet,there lacks consistent empirical evidence for the spillover effects of industrial clusters on technology and firm innovation. The reasons for the inconsistent findings from the existing research include the following： The measures for industrial clustering are not appropriate,the direct effect of industrial clustering on innovation has not been distinguished from technology spillover effect,and the geographical scope and industry range used to measure industrial clustering are overly broad. The current study measures industrial clustering more accurately based on the concept of industrial proximity,and estimates the effects of industrial clustering on technology spillovers and firm innovation using county level and 3-digit industry level data. Our results show that：（ 1） The research and development expenditure by firms in the same industry has significant spillover effects on a firm＇s own innovation,but such spillover effects are only significant in regions with a high degree of industrial clustering;and（ 2） private firms and small and medium-sized firms benefit more from industrial clustering and technology spillover effects.