“后新时期文学”中的疾病话语与现代主体

Disease Discourse and Modern Subjectivity in Chinese Literature in the Post New Era

"后新时期文学"中的疾病话语,指的是20世纪80年代中后期文学转型过程中,文学作品使用"疾病"意象的方式及其包涵的意识形态结构,同时这当中也暗含着以"人"的觉醒为开端的现代主体内涵的嬗变。从精神疾病对理性主体的解构、"都市病"对欲望主体的反思,再到日常生活"疾病事件"对主体沉沦与超越双重困境的揭示,"后新时期文学"疾病话语的不断变化,反映了后新时期主体内涵不断解构与重构的历史。在这一过程中,革命信仰与人道主义启蒙理性的中心地位日趋消解,非理性、欲望与"沉沦在世"对主体内涵的重建,也在疾病话语的审美反思中不断地呈现其片面性与局限性。主体失去了理性中心主义的整合与同一,已然呈现出分崩离析的态势。但是,这并不意味着"后新时期文学"主体性的泯灭,它恰恰反证了现代主体的极端自反性与未完成性。

The acceptance of human mortality is the essential qualification at the birth of modern subjectivity. As a shifting dimension between life and death since the 19 th century enlightenment,disease reveals human finitude,while disease discourse exposes the finitude of modern subjectivity from cultural perspective. Therefore,disease discourses in literature can be a series of significant codes which help us to understand the formation and contents of modern subjectivity. Disease discourse in Chinese literature in the post new era reflects the deconstructive and reconstructive history of Chinese modern subjectivity. The mental illness discourse in vanguard literature declared the presence of the non-rationality,which deconstructed the rational humanism value of subjectivity formed in the new era. The＂city disease＂in new historicism and new realistic literature depicted the contradiction of self-assurance and self-losing of subjectivity controlled by desire. The disease discourse in the daily life narration of the new realistic literature revealed the dual predicaments of falling and transcendence of the human existence. All in all,through the aesthetic introspection of disease discourse in literature,we obtain a better understanding of the unfinished modernity and subjectivity of contemporary China.