除祓与祈子:中国古代寒食清明荡秋千的文化阐释

Exorcising and Reproducing:the Cultural Interpretations of Playing on the Swing During Hanshi Festival and Tomb-sweeping Day in Ancient China

荡秋千是中国古代寒食、清明节期间进行的一项重要的节俗活动,也是一项源远流长的少数民族传统体育运动。秋千游戏在不同地域、民族、民俗语境中,有着丰富的文化内涵。通过历史文献的梳理以及现代民俗学、人类学相关田野资料和研究成果的综合运用,认为中国古代寒食节秋千游戏,受寒食节节日文化功能的规约,具有除祓、祈子的文化意涵。历朝历代统治阶级禁止和提倡寒食节的不同态度和政令,致使典籍对秋千的记载遮蔽了秋千游戏的文化内涵,故需回归民间民俗传统对其加以阐释。

As one of the most important folk custom events,especially as an ethnic sport for the minorities,playing on the swing during Hanshi Festival and Tomb-sweeping Day in Ancient China contains diversity cultural meanings in various regions,ethnic groups and folk customs.Through the literature review and historical documents of Folklore and Anthropology,this paper believes that playing on the swing performs some particular cultural functions of exorcising and reproducing during Hanshi Festival and Tomb-sweeping Day in ancient China,which are,unfortunately,undiscovered due to the various attitudes and rules made by different governments in different dynasties.Therefore,it should be explored from the folk customs.