运用CRISPR/Cas9系统编辑细菌基因的研究进展

Application of CRISPR/Cas9 system in bacterial gene editing

CRISPR（clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats）／Cas9（CRISPR—associated proteins9）系统来源于细菌的适应性免疫防御系统，能通过RNA指导的Cas9核酸酶特异性剪切靶标基因。相比于细菌同源重组编辑系统，CRISPR／Cas9系统在细菌的基因编辑中已展现出独特的优势：操作简便、较高的编辑效率、特异性、可以同时编辑多个靶基因或删除基因簇片段且不对基因组产生任何“伤疤”。虽然这种操作系统还没有达到在真核生物中的成熟应用程度，但目前CRISPR／Cas9系统在编辑细菌基因上已取得了一些重要进展，现将对这些进展进行总结与分析。

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR）/CRISPR-associated proteins 9（Cas9） system,derived from adaptive immune system of prokaryotes, can precisely in- troduce double strand breaks（DSB） into targeted genomic site by specific RNA-guided Cas9 nucle- ase. The CRISPR/Cas9 system in bacterial gene editing shows the following advantages compared with traditional bacterial homologous recombination editing system. （1）Gene editing is easy to be operated; （2）the operation system is efficient and specific; （3）the system is able to be applied for deletion of continuous multi-genes,in which no scar is left in the edited genomic sites. Moreover, the system also can be applied for the bacterial gene deletion at the same time. Although the utili- zation of CRISPR/Cas9 system in bacterial gene editing is relatively not matured compared with its application in eukaryotes,lots of key developments have been achieved recently. In this review,we will summarize the progress of CRISPR/Cas9 system in prokaryotic genome editing.