《医部全录》中成人与小儿咳喘用药性味比较

Property and Flavor Comparison between Adults and Children Cough and Asthma Medication in Yibu Quanlu ( 医部全录)

目的通过比较成人咳嗽哮喘方与小儿嗽喘方所用药物的性、味,探讨小儿咳喘用药的规律和特点。方法以《医部全录》为资料来源,分别纳入其治疗咳喘的成人方及小儿方,提取纳入处方的药物组成建立数据库,分别统计药物药味、药性频次及频率,并对小儿与成人用药性味进行比较。结果共纳入成人咳嗽与哮喘方340首,涉及药物2496味;小儿嗽喘方204首,涉及药物1275味。成人用药依温、平、寒药性出现频率分别为43.53%、29.41%、26.46%,小儿分别为38.23%、32.35%、29.92%;温药使用频率成人明显高于小儿,寒凉药的使用频率则成人较小儿为低(P<0.05)。成人用药药味出现频率由高到低依次为辛31.76%、甘31.18%、苦26.47%、酸7.35%、咸2.35%,小儿则为甘32.84%、辛29.90%、苦29.41%、咸3.43%、酸2.94%,其中酸味药使用频率成人明显高于小儿(P<0.05)。结论小儿咳喘治疗用药温药、酸味药较少,寒凉药相对较多。

Objective To explore the rule and characteristics of medicine for treating cough and asthma in children,by comparing property and flavor of herbs in adults＇ and children＇s cough and asthma prescriptions. Methods Taking Yibu Quanlu（ 医部全录） as the source of information,adults＇ and children＇s prescriptions to treat cough and asthma were included. Herbs of included prescriptions were extracted to establish database. Herbs＇ property and flavor frequency were calculated. Children＇s and adults＇ medication property and flavor were compared. Results Totally,adults＇ cough and asthma prescriptions were 340,including 2496 kinds of herbs. Children＇s cough and asthma prescriptions were 204,including 1275 kinds of herbs. The frequency of warm,mild and cold property in adults＇ medication was 43. 53%,29. 41% and 26. 46%,while those in children＇ medication was 38. 23%,32. 35% and 29. 92% respectively. The using frequency of warm herbs in adults was higher than that in children; while the using frequency of cold herbs was lower（ P 0. 05）. The frequency of herbs＇ flavor in adults＇ medication was pungent（ 31. 76%）,sweet（ 31. 18%）,bitter（ 26. 47%）,sour（ 7. 35%） and salty（ 2. 35%）,with sweet（ 32. 84%）,pungent（ 29. 90%）,bitter（ 29. 41%）,salty（ 3. 43%） and sour（ 2. 94%） in children. The using frequency of sour herbs in adults was higher than that in children（ P 0. 05）. Conclusion In children＇ s cough and asthma medication,warm and sour herbs were fewer,while cold herbs were more.