美国图书馆学家梅特卡夫的历史贡献及其启示

Keyes DeWitt Metcalf's Achievement in Librarianship and Its Enlightenment

从图书馆建筑规划、馆藏发展与合作、图书馆管理三个方面阐述美国图书馆学家梅特卡夫的历史贡献及其学术思想对当今图书馆管理与服务的启示。在建筑规划上,梅特卡夫为解决哈佛大学图书馆空间紧张的问题,建设了3个新馆:专门收藏善本与手稿的霍顿图书馆、联合储存低利用率馆藏的新英格兰储存图书馆、专供本科生使用的拉蒙特图书馆,并重新规划怀德纳图书馆为研究型图书馆;在馆藏发展与合作方面,梅特卡夫制订图书采选计划,推动"法明顿计划",剔除低利用率图书;在图书馆管理方面,梅特卡夫通过引进外部人才及开展员工培训变革人事管理制度。他的学术思想对图书馆管理与服务的启示主要有:图书馆空间规划与馆藏发展方针密切相关;细化用户身份和需求,实现基础服务与研究服务并行发展;图书馆服务能力应通过人才招聘与员工培训逐步提升。

This paper analyzed Metcalf＇s achievements in librarianship from three aspects： library build- ing design, collection development and cooperation, library administration. As for library planning, Met- calf constructed the Houghton Library, the New England Deposit Library, the Lamont Library to solve the space problems of Harvard University Library and rearranged Widener as a research library. His accom- plishments in collection building included establishing the book selection plan, playing a role in the formu- lation of the Farmington Plan, discarding little-used materials. He revolutionized personnel policies by re- cruiting experienced librarians and training staff members. His thoughts show that library space planning has strong relationship with the collection development policies; library should classify the user needs and provide basic services paralleled by research services; library service ability should be upgraded by recrui- ting experienced librarians and by training staff members.