高通量测序分析不同断奶时间对南方黄牛犊牛瘤胃细菌菌群的影响

Effects of Various Different eaning Times on Rumen Bacterial Communities of Yellow Cattle Calves Analyzed by High-Throughput Sequencing Technology

本试验旨在研究不同断奶时间对南方黄牛犊牛瘤胃微生物多样性、物种丰度的影响。选用18头南方黄牛犊牛,依据出生体重相近原则随机分成对照组(NW,n=3)和早期断奶组(EW,n=15)。NW组不早期断奶;3个早期断奶组逐渐增加开食料、青饲料的饲喂量,当犊牛连续3 d每日进食固体饲料干物质分别达500 g(EW500,n=5)、750 g(EW750,n=5)和1 000 g(EW1000,n=5)时,停喂代乳粉。犊牛断奶后利用口腔取样装置获取瘤胃内容物样品,用Illumina-Mi Seq高通量测序技术分析瘤胃细菌结构和组成的变化。结果表明:NW组瘤胃细菌最多的是厚壁菌门(P<0.05);EW组拟杆菌门相对较高,EW750和EW1000组较NW组差异显著(P<0.05);瘤胃内细菌在属水平上普雷沃氏菌占比例较多,EW组的普雷沃氏菌较NW组有所增加(P>0.05),丁酸弧菌属和琥珀酸菌属均显著增加(P<0.05),但EW500、EW750和EW1000组间差异不显著(P>0.05);EW组分支杆菌属和颤螺菌属较NW组显著降低(P<0.05)。由此可见,早期断奶能显著影响犊牛瘤胃细菌多样性及物种丰度,但是不同早期断奶时间处理组之间差异不显著,从瘤胃微生物角度,推荐日采食固体饲料干物质达500 g时断奶。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of various weaning times on the rumen bacterial communities of yellow cattle calves. Eighteen calves were assigned to a conventional management group that cawes were normally weaned （NW, n = 3） or to early weaned （EW） group where calves were weaned when the feed intake of solid feedreached 500 g （EW500, n = 5）, 750 g （EW750, n = 5）, or 1000 g （EW1000, n = 5）. After weaned, an oral stomach tube was used to collect the tureen fluid samples before morning feeding from all calves to analyze the microbial community and composition by using Illumina- MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that： at the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes was richer in NW group （P〈0.05）, while the abundance of Bacteroidetes in groups of EW750 and EW1000 were significantly increased as compared to in EW group （P〈0.05）. At the genus level, Prevotella was the dominant genus. Compared with NW group, Butyrivibrio and SuccinicIasticum were significantly increased（P〈0.05）, while Mogibacterium and Oscillospira were decreased（P〈0.05）. The results indicated that EW could change the lumen bacterial communities and weaning when the feed intake of starter reached 500g could be recommended.