丸山真男的文化接触论、古层论探析

The Study on Maruyama Masao's Theories of Acculturation and Stratification

丸山真男提出的两大方法论,即文化接触论与古层论,对于整体把握日本思想文化的特征显得至关重要。探究日本思想文化的本质特征时,不仅需要从时间变化考虑文化的发展轨迹,也需要从空间广度思考日本与东亚其他思想文化间的相互影响。在近代之前,东亚地区出现的这些思想文化传播以及互相影响的关系,并非同步进行的,它们之间存在着明显的时间差。各个文化圈相互封锁的独特性并不会因文化的传播和相互影响而有所动摇,但不可忽视的是外来思想文化传入日本之际不断地受到日本本土思想文化的修正。象征着天皇制的古层在日本历史演进中虽然不是一帆风顺,但始终连绵不绝。可以说不断接纳外来文明的同时又不断对其修正与演变的历史,才是真正的日本历史。

The theories of acculturation and stratification put forward by Maruyama Masao are very important in understanding the characteristics of the Japanese culture. As for exploring the essential characteristics of Japanese culture, it is not only necessary to consider the development path of culture from the perspective of time, as well as to think about the mutual influence between Japan and other East Asian countries from the perspective of space. Before the time of the modern era, the cultural communication and interaction in East Asia were not carried out synchronously with a obvious time gap. However, it should not be ignored that the foreign ideology and culture had been constantly amended the Japanese native ideology and culture at the time of their introduction in Japan. Although the system of Japanese emperor was sometimes unstable, but it remains until now. The continuing acceptance and revision of foreign culture and civilizations should be considered as the essence of the history of Japan.