4个东南亚国家水稻种质的表型多样性分析

Phenotypic Diversity Evaluations of Rice Germplasm from Four Southeast Asia Countries

【目的】对水稻种质资源的多样性进行评价,为指导育种中优势亲本的选择和利用、提高选育效率和基因开发提供参考。【方法】采用统计分析和主成分分析,在广西南宁对298份东南亚国家水稻种质资源的表型多样性进行评估。【结果】不同数量性状变异系数最小的为结实率(6.51%),最大的为有效穗数(34.86%),株高、茎秆长和穗粒数等均具有较大的变异系数;Shannonwiener多样性指数平均为0.7715;描述性性状多样性指数平均为0.2502,变化幅度为0.0769~0.4549;不同国家群体数量性状与描述性性状的多样性表现趋于一致,依次为菲律宾、柬埔寨、越南、缅甸。前8个主成分(主要性状包括株高、茎秆茎节包露、千粒重、穗粒数、茎秆节间色、颖尖色、芒长和叶片卷曲度)的累计贡献率达到67.99%,代表了23个表型性状的大部分变异,可作为品种选育的参考依据。【结论】参试材料的表型多样性丰富,尤其是菲律宾和柬埔寨两个国家,应切实做好保护和利用工作。

【Objective】Evaluation of genetic diversity could be beneficial to guide the selection and utilization of dominant parents in breeding,and further improve choose efficiency and gene exploit. 【Method 】298 rice germplasm genetic diversity were evaluated in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning city based on the phenotypic character through usual statistical analysis and principal component analysis methods.【Result】The coefficient of variation of quantitative traits ranged from 6. 51 %（ seed rate） to 34. 86 %（ panicle number）,while plant height,stalk length and grain number have also greater variation range. The average Shannon-wiener diversity index was 0. 7715.The average diversity index of descriptive characters was 0. 2502 ranged from 0. 0769 to 0. 4549. We compared genetic diversity from different countries,the result indicated the performance characteristics of quantitative traits and descriptive characters were consistent,the order was Philippines,Cambodia,Vietnam and Myanmar. Besides,the first eight principal components（ plant height,wrap of bareness of internode,1000-grain weight,spikelets per panicle,internode colorm,apiculus color and awn length） of the contribution rate was 67. 99 %,it indicated that the first eight principal component contained all phenotypic character to 67. 99 % of the content. At the same time,it could offer some references to rice variety breeding.【Conclusion】These resources have abundant genetic diversity especially,Philippines and Cambodia＇s rice germplasm resources and should be better protected and utilized.