不同种植年限鸟王茶产地土壤物理性质及生长特征

Soil Physical Properties of Niaowang Tea Growing Area with Different Cultivation Years and Growth Characteristics of Niaowang Tea

【目的】为探明喀斯特山区鸟王茶高产优质栽培的最佳年限,促进鸟王茶高产优质发展。【方法】以不同种植年限下鸟王茶根区与非根区土壤为研究对象,通过野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,研究鸟王茶不同种植年限产地土壤的物理性质及其生长状况。【结果】鸟王茶不同种植年限的土壤总体表现为土壤结构性好。其中,非根区粉砂粒含量呈逐年递增趋势,但土壤中粘粒含量则随种植年限递增而减少;根区土壤的容重差异不大,依次为0~5a(1.25 g/cm3)>6~10a(1.18 g/cm3)>11~15a(1.12 g/cm3);立地土壤总孔隙度差异很大,最大值为53.45%(11~15a),最小值为42.55%(0~5a),平均为49.76%;随种植年限增加,土壤1~5和0.25~1 mm团聚体的占比呈增大趋势,粒径大于1.00 mm水稳性土壤团聚体的总量均为根区大于非根区。【结论】种植6~10a鸟王茶的产量和生长状况最佳。

【Objective】The study aims to explore the optimal year limit of Niaowang Tea and promote high yield and high quality of Niaowang Tea in karst mountainous area.【Method】The soil physical properties in root zone and non-root zone of Niaowang Tea growing area and growth characteristics of Niaowang Tea were studied by field survey and laboratory analysis.【Result】The soil structure of Niaowang Tea growing area with different cultivation years was good overall. The powder sand content in non-root zone presented a rising trend year by year,but the clay content in soil shows a declining trend with increase of cultivation years. There was no obvious difference in soil bulk density of root zone among different cultivation years and the soil bulk density of root zone with 0-5 a,6-10 a and 11-15 a were 1. 25,1. 18 and 1. 12 g/cm3,respectively. There was an obvious difference in soil porosity,and the maximum,minimum and average value were 53. 45 %（ 11-15 a）,42. 55 %（ 0-5 a） and 49. 76 % separately. The proportion of soil aggregated with 1-5 and 0. 25-1 mm presented an increasing trend and the amount of water stability soil aggregates with 1. 00 mm in root zone was more than that in non-root zone.【Conclusion】The yield and growth status of Niaowang Tea with 6-10 cultivation years was the best.