中国自贸区的开放现状与规则特点

The Status Quo of the Opening and Characteristics of Rules in Chinese FTA

经过十几年的发展,中国已初步形成以周边为基础、面向全球的自贸区网络布局。文章从货物贸易、服务贸易、投资以及其它规则领域四个方面,扼要说明中国自贸区的开放现状与规则特点。货物贸易方面,中国已签署的自贸协定大多数货物贸易自由化率较高;中国自贸协定中的原产地规则经历了由宽泛到细致的演变过程,且朝着越来越便于企业应用的方向发展。服务贸易方面,采取"部门清单"模式,部门承诺水平大多高于中国加入世贸组织的承诺。投资方面,主要涉及国民待遇、投资促进与保护、投资者与国家争端解决等。其他规则领域,环境、劳工、竞争政策、电子商务等议题也逐步出现,但中国对这些规则议题仍持相对谨慎的态度。

After ten years of development, the layout of Chinese FTA network facing the world has been formed based on neighboring countries. The research will briefly described the status quo of the opening and the characteristics of the rules in Chinese FTA from four aspects, which are trade in goods, services trade, investment and other rules in the field. In terms of trade in goods, China has signed some free trade agreement, in which most goods trade liberalization rate is relatively high. The rules of origin in China＇s FTA have undergone a process of evolution from broad to detailed, and are becoming more and more convenient for enterprise applications. In the aspect of service trade, the ＂Department list＂ model was adopted, and the level of departmental commitment was higher than that of China＇s accession to the WTO. Investment mainly involves national treatment, investment promotion and protection, settlement of disputes between investors and the state, etc. In other regulatory areas, issues such as environment, labour, competition policy and e-commerce are also emerging, and China is still relatively cautious about these regulatory issues.