“东芝事件”与中日交涉——兼论复交后影响中日关系的因素

Toshiba Diversion Case and Sino-Japanese Negotiation——With a Discussion of Influence Factors on Sino-Japanese Relations after the Reconciliation

20世纪80年代初,日本东芝机械公司违反巴黎统筹委员会和国内出口法律的规定向苏联出口一批数控机床。由于该设备有助于提高苏联核潜艇的反侦察性能,美国遂以保障国家安全为由推动日本处罚东芝机械和强化出口管制。但这却导致东芝机械等企业中断对华技术出口与合作,给中国造成经济损失。为此,中国同日本进行近一年半的交涉。交涉进程受到冷战期间美国严控东西方技术贸易政策、美国对日政策和日本国内经济变动等因素的影响。美国对中日技术贸易的认可和中、日经济发展的各自需求,推动中日双方最终达成解决方案。

At the beginning of 1980s, Toshiba Machine illegally sold Nine-Axis milling machines used to produce very quiet submarine propellers to the Soviet Union in violation of the COCOM agreement and Japanese domestic export law. U.S. enforced the government of Japan to implement the imposition of sanctions on the company and enhanced Japan＇s export control. Nevertheless, those resulted in the technology trade interrupt between the company and China, as well as the economic loss of China. Accordingly, China negotiated with Japan. The process of the negotiation was influenced deeply by the American restriction policy of technology diversion, American policy toward Japan and the fluctuation of Japan＇s domestic economic. Owing to the American attitude toward Sino-Japanese technology trade, China and Japan＇s domestic economic development, China and Japan reached a resolution ultimately.