江西红壤丘陵区主要森林类型土壤养分特征及评价

Evaluation on characteristics of soil nutrient of the main forest types in hilly red soil region of Jiangxi Province

维持和提高土壤肥力是实现森林可持续经营的重要保障。以江西红壤丘陵区的阔叶林、针阔混交林、杉木林、马尾松林4种主要森林类型为研究对象,通过样地调查与土壤养分测定,分析其土壤养分特征,并采用加权求和指数法对其土壤养分进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷均以阔叶林最高,其中土壤有机质、全氮、全磷均显著高于马尾松林及针阔混交林(P<0.05),而速效磷显著高于其它3种森林类型(P<0.05);速效氮以马尾松林最低,且显著低于其它3种森林类型(P<0.05);全钾、速效钾在4种森林类型之间的差异性均不显著(P>0.05)。(2)土壤养分综合得分值大小为阔叶林(0.9414)>杉木林(0.6885)>针阔混交林(0.6854)>马尾松林(0.5592),阔叶林土壤养分等级为丰,杉木林、马尾松林与针阔混交林均为中等,磷元素缺乏是提高土壤肥力和实现森林可持续经营的限制因子。

Maintain and improve soil fertility is the important guarantee to realize sustainable forest management. Our objective was to compare and evaluate the characteristics of soil nutrients of the main forest types in hilly red soil region of Jiangxi Province by the weighted summation index method. The soil nutrients were investigated in four typical forests, i.e.Broad-leaved forest（BF）, mixed forest（MF）, Cunninghamia lanceolata（CL）, Pinus massoniana（PM）. The results showed that the soil organic matter, total N, total P, available P of BF were highly than other types. Among them, the soil organic matter,total N, total P of BF were significantly higher than PM and MF（P0.05）, while the available P significantly higher than the other types（P0.05）. The available N of PM was the lowest, and showed the significantly difference compared with the others（P 0.05）. The differences of total P and available P between the types were not significant（P 0.05）. The order of comprehensive evaluation value of soil nutrient between the types was as follows as BF（0.9414） CL（0.6885） MF（0.6854） PM（0.5592）. The soil nutrient level of BF was abundant, which of MF, PM and CL were medium. Phosphorus deficiency was a limiting factor to improve the soil fertility and to achieve sustainable forest management.