蜱传疾病及病原体检测方法研究进展

Progress on tick-borne diseases and detection methods

我国"一带一路"倡议的实施,使物流、人流通过国境口岸在沿线国家和地区的流动更加频繁,蜱传疾病跨境传播风险加大。本文就媒介昆虫蜱病原体的检测方法及目前世界范围内的蜱传疾病及病原体种类进行综述。目前,蜱传病原体检测方法主要有培养法、特异引物PCR、16S r RNA基因文库法、变性梯度凝胶电泳、高通量测序。我国流行的蜱传疾病种类繁多,有蜱传脑炎、蜱传回归热、克里米亚-刚果出血热、兔热病、人粒细胞无形体病、人单核细胞埃里克体病、莱姆病、Q热、北亚蜱传斑点热、发热伴血小板减少综合征等。落基山斑点热、南非蜱咬热、科萨努尔森林病、鄂木斯克出血热、波瓦森脑炎和科罗拉多蜱热在我国尚未发现。提高口岸查验技术,建立综合防控体系,对于保卫国门生物安全具有重要意义。

The implementation of ＂One belt One Road＂ had accelerated the population migration and logistics across the frontier ports,and the potential spread risk of vector-borne diseases was increased. Tick-borne diseases and the detection methods were reviewed below. The major methods of detection of tick-borne pathogens included culture, specific-primer PCR,16s rRNA library,DGGE and high-throughput sequencing. The epidemic tick-borne diseases in China's Mainland include Human granulocytie anaplasmosis （HGA）,Human monocytic ehrliehiosis （HME）,Lyme dis- ease,Q fever,North Asian tick fever,Severe fever with thromboeytopenia syndrome. While,the other important tick- borne diseases,including Rocky mountain spotted fever,African tick bite fever,Kyasanur forest disease （KFD）,Omsk hemorrhagic fever,Powassan encephalitis and Colorado tick fever had not been reported in China yet. It will play a significant role in protecting biosafety to optimize the tick-borne diseases detection methods,along with the establishment of targeted prevention and control system.