手术室医务人员艾滋病病毒职业暴露的原因分析

Reason analysis of AIDS occupational exposure of medical staff in operating room

目的分析医务人员在艾滋病手术过程中发生职业暴露的影响因素,为降低手术人员人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)职业暴露率提供参考依据。方法采取回顾性分析,2010年1月‐2015年12月该院共实施艾滋病患者手术1 762例,发生HIV职业暴露16例。结果在16例HIV职业暴露人员中,手术室护士6例(占37.50%),外科医生10例(占62.50%);操作不当所占比例占37.50%,人员配合不当占31.25%,疲劳占25.00%,患者原因占6.25%。发生职业暴露后均采取及时处理,给予阻断用药,随访1年无人发生感染。结论在为艾滋病患者实施手术时,科学合理的预防措施是减少职业暴露发生的有效方法。

[Objective] To provide useful references for reducing human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） occupational exposure, by analyzing the influence factors of HIV occupational exposure of medical staff in operation for acquired immune deficiency syndrome （AIDS） patients. [Methods] We retrospectively analyzed 1762 cases of AIDS patients admitted in our hospital from January 2010 to December 2015, of which 16 AIDS occupational exposure cases occurred. [Results] Among the 16 AIDS occupational exposure cases, 6 （37.50%） cases occurred in operating room nurses, and 10 cases （62.50%） occurred in surgeons; while 37.50% were caused by improper operation, 31.25% were because of improper intraoperative coordination, 25% were on account of fatigue, and 6.25% were in consequence of patients themselves. Timely treatment was taken after occupational exposure, and all associated staff members were given preventive medicine. After a follow-up visit for one year, no cases of infection were observed. [Conclusion] Scientific and rational preventive measures are an effective method for decreasing the occurrence of occupational exposure during the operations for AIDS patients.