丝孢真菌无性与有性进化分析

Asexual and Sexual Evolution Analysis of Hyphomycetes Fungi

绝大多数丝孢真菌属、种主要以无性型存在,但该类真菌绝大多数属、种含有若干调控有性分化、发育及进化的基因信息,如交配型、信息素及G-蛋白α-亚基基因等,胁迫环境诱导这些真菌有性基因有效表达乃至发育为有性型,一直倍受真菌学界的关注。文中系统介绍了丝孢真菌无性型与有性型属种分类研究现状、进化分析及性别调控基因,1)分析属、种三类有性基因的多样性、异型交配基因比率、系统发育关系及有性进化潜力与趋势;2)分析属、种不同有性基因调控特性胁迫环境适应性,界定靶标基因及适宜生态因子,结合地球生境演化特性,预测属、种自然演化性别变化动态;3)分析靶标基因调控生态,阐明两性种有性基因调控生态遗传机制。综上有望解析绝大多数丝孢真菌属、种主要为无性型的本质原因,丰富丝孢真菌分类研究的理论,为真菌分类研究提供科学依据。

Most of hyphomycetes fungi are existed in anamorph,this problem has always been the focus of fungal research field. However,almost all these fungi contained a number of sexual genes including mating type genes,pheromone genes and α-subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins which manipulated sexual differentiation,development and evolution as same as those in ascomycota fungi. The factors of stress environmental can regulate all those genes expression effectively and even induce them to develop teleomorph. This review systematically introduces the classification status quo,evolutionary analysis and sexual regulating genes of hyphomycetes fungi,1） Expounding the diversity among three sexual genes,the ratio of allotypic mating type genes,relationship of phylogenetic development and the potential or tendency of evolution; 2） Analyzing the regulation mechanisms among various sexual genes in different genera and species as well adapt to the stress environment,and defining the key sexual genes and suitable environment factors,and then predicting the state of nature evolution among the genera and species based on the evolution character of earth habitat; 3） Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of sex and ecology for typical amphiproticspecies by analyzing the target gene regulation ecology. All these results are possible to explain the scientific reason why the most of hyphomycetes fungi exist in anamorph,and enrich the theory of fungi taxonomic study. Our results will play a significance for fungi taxonomic study.