宁夏回族自治区学生贫血与营养状况的关联

Association between prevalence of anemia and nutritional status among school-aged students in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

目的分析宁夏回族自治区中小学生贫血与营养状况之间的关联性,为少数民族地区中小学生营养改善计划提供依据。方法选取2014年宁夏回族自治区学生体质和健康调研的7,9,12和14岁年龄组3 747名回汉族中小学生,采用世界卫生组织(WHO)和联合国儿童基金会制定的贫血诊断标准,根据中国学龄儿童超重肥胖人体质量指数(BMI)分类标准和2014年颁布的国家卫生标准《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准》(WS/T 456-2014)评定营养状况。结果回、汉族学生总体贫血检出率为4.7%,汉族学生贫血检出率(2.6%)高于回族学生(2.1%),农村学生(5.5%)高于城市学生(3.9%),女生(6.1%)高于男生(3.4%)(χ~2=4.17,P<0.05)。在贫血学生中,回、汉族学生轻度贫血检出率分别占3.2%,3.5%;中度贫血检出率分别为1.3%,1.2%;汉族学生无重度贫血,回族学生重度贫血检出率为0.2%(χ~2=7.77,P>0.05)。不同经济片区中,中等片区回族学生贫血率最高(4.1%),其次为好片区汉族学生(2.1%),差片区回族学生未检出贫血者。汉族学生消瘦、正常、超重和肥胖检出率分别为5.5%,42.1%,5.7%,3.6%,回族学生分别为4.4%,32.0%,4.3%,2.4%,不同民族间营养状况构成差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.27,P>0.05)。各个年龄组中,12岁学生贫血检出率最高,为1.7%,其次为14岁学生。结论回、汉族学生贫血检出率不同,应重视农村学生的贫血防治知识教育,尤其要加强青春期少女的健康教育;对于经济发展好的片区,进行贫血知识教育,提倡合理膳食;加强学生贫血筛查工作。

Objective To analyze the association between prevalence of anemia and nutritional status among school-aged students in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and to provide a reference for the measures to prevent and control anemia. Methods The 2014 Ningxia Province Surveys on Students＂ Constitution and Health was carried out among 3 747 Hui and Han students aged 7, 9, 12 and 14 in primary and middle schools. World Health Organization（WHO） and United Nations Children＇s Fund criterion were used for screening anemia. The nutritional status was defined according to the BMI classification standard of the Chinese school-aged students made by the China Obesity Problem Working Group to screen obesity and overweight and the state health standard of The Standard of Poor Nutrition Screening for School-aged Students which published in 2014. Results The total preva- lence of anemia was 4.7%. The prevalence of anemia in Han（2.6%） was higher than Hui（2.1%）, the prevalence of rural students was higher than that of urban students, more girls were found of anemia than boys. Among the students of anemia, 3.2% of Hui students and 3.5% of Han students were detected with mild anemia, the prevalence of moderate anemia were 1.3% and 1.2%, re- spectively. Han students were found with no serious anemia, while 0.2% of Hui students were found with serious anemia. The preva- lence of Hui（1.5%） was the highest in the middle economic area, followed by that of the Han（1.0%） in the good economic area, and the prevalence of Hui in the poor area were not detected with anemia. The prevalence of thinness, normal weight, overweight and obesity among Han students were 5.5%, 42.1%, 5.7% and 3.6%, respectively, while those of Hui students were 4.4%, 32.0%,4.3% and 2.4%, respectively. In different age groups, students aged 12 were found with highest prevalence of anemia （1.4%）, followed by students aged 14. Conclusion The prevalence of anemia in Han and Hui students is different, so we should pay more attention to education of the knowledge of anemia in rural students, especially strengthen the health education and physical health on adolescent girls. For some well-developed economic area, school-aged students should be educated about anemia, as well as rational diet.