重庆初中生健康素养干预效果评价

Effect evaluation on health literacy intervention among middle students in Chongqing

目的了解重庆主城区学校健康教育对初中生健康素养改善状况,为提高初中生健康素养水平提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,在城市、农村各抽取2所共4所学校初一、初二学生,分别将城市、农村各1所学校作为干预校,另外各1所学校作为对照校,干预校采用健康教育干预,对照校不开展任何干预措施。基线问卷调查时间为2016年10月,终期问卷调查时间为2017年6月,干预时间为2017年3—5月。结果干预后,城市干预校学生具备功能性健康素养、批判性健康素养比例分别为71.5%,69.5%,高于对照校的62.2%,59.8%(χ~2值分别为5.753,7.333,P值均<0.05)。农村干预校学生干预前总健康素养及3个维度健康素养水平低于对照校(P值均<0.05),干预后干预校与对照校差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。城市干预校功能性健康素养水平由干预前的59.3%提高到干预后的71.5%,总健康素养水平由干预前的53.3%提高到干预后的65.8%;农村干预校功能性健康素养由干预前的30.9%提高到干预后的56.4%,总健康素养由干预前的27.0%提高到干预后的49.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论学校开展健康教育能够提高初中生健康素养水平。

Objective To understand the effect of health education on the health literacy of middle school students in a main district of Chongqi, and to provide evidence for improving health literacy level in middle schools. Methods Cluster sampling method was used to select two middle schools respectively in rural and urban area, one school was taken as control group and the other was intervention group to have health education. The base-line survey was conducted in October, 2016, and the final question- naire survey was carried out in June, 2017, the time for intervention lasted from March to May of 2017. Results After interven- tion, the rates of functional literacy and critical literacy of the students from the intervention school in urban area were 71.5% and 69.5%, respectively, higher than those of the control schools（62.2%, 59.8%）（X^2= 5.753, 7.333, P〈0.05）. The level of overall health literacy and 3 sub-aspects in intervention group were lower than control group before invention in rural area, but the difference was of no statistical significance between control school and intervention school after the intervention（ P〉0.05）. The level of functional literacy（urban： from 59.3% to 71.5%, rural： from 20.9% to 56.4%） and overall health literacy（urban： from 53.3% to 65.9%, rural： from 27.0% to 49.0%） among invention group between urban and rural city were higher than the level before invention （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The health education in school may improve the level of health literacy among middle school students.