苏南地区小学生体质健康与生活方式特征分析

Correlation of physical ftness and lifestyle among primary school students in south Jiangsu Province

目的研究苏南地区小学生体质健康与生活方式特征,为小学生体质状况的提高和生活方式的改善提供科学依据。方法分层随机整群抽取苏南地区6 192名小学生为研究对象,采用自制小学生生活方式调查问卷,调查小学生体质健康与生活方式的特征及相关性。结果苏南地区小学生的体质健康优秀等级比例仅为12.6%。五年级学生的体质健康和身体素质得分均为最大,其中体质健康得分与其他年级差异有统计学意义;六年级学生体质健康状况得分最小,与其他各年级组差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。女生和乡村学生的身体形态、身体素质要好于男生和城市学生(t值分别为-2.29,-2.50,5.79,2.27,P值均<0.05)。苏南地区小学生的睡眠情况、静态视屏行为和课外运动锻炼达标率分别为15.5%,72.6%和65.9%。体质健康与性别、城乡、睡眠时间、静态视屏行为、课外运动锻炼的相关均有统计学意义(r值分别为0.239,0.217,0.137,0.369,0.259,P值均<0.05),而与年级无相关性(r=-0.048,P>0.05)。结论苏南地区小学生体质健康和生活方式状况不容乐观,应采取"政府—学校—家庭"三方协同、综合干预的措施提高或改善学生体质健康状况和生活方式水平。

Objective To explore physical fitness and lifestyle among primary school students in south Jiangsu Province. Methods Self-designed questionnaire was implemented among 6 192 primary school students clustering sampled from south Jiang- su Province. Physical fitness was assessed according to Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students （ 2014 Edition）. Results Proportion of excellent fitness was 12.6%, students from grade 5 scored highest in both physical function and physical fitness, significant difference was found in physical fitness compared to students from other grades（ P〈O.05）. Students from grade 6 had worst physical fitness（P〈0.05）. Girls and rural students had better physical fitness than boys and urban students. Eligi-ble sleep duration and exercise, appropriate sedentary screen time was found in 15.5%, 72.6% and 69.5% students, respectively. Significant associations were found in physical fitness with sex, urbanicity, sleep duration, screen time, exercise. No correlation was found between physical fitness with grade. Conclusion Physical health and lifestyle among primary students in south Jiangsu province remains to be improved. Government-School-Family collaboration represents a promising intervention approach to effectively improve physical health and lifestyle among primary students.