敦煌莫高窟壁画中的髡发人物

On the Figures with “Kun” Hair Styles in the Mogao Murals at Dunhuang

髡发是将头顶头发剃光、留周围头发的一种发式,是北方少数民族的传统发式,可远溯至春秋战国时期。佛教虽然来自印度,但敦煌莫高窟第285窟、第346窟、第97窟等洞窟中可以看到若干髡发人物,反映了佛教艺术在流传过程中对当地和周边民族风俗习惯的吸纳,是佛教中国化的体现。

＂Kun＂ is a type of hairstyle for men who only shave the top of their heads and keep the hair surrounding the crown. As a traditional hair style of nomadic ethnic groups in north China, this kind of hair style can be traced as far back as the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods. Although Buddhism arrived in China from India, many paintings of Dunhuang caves show figures with the ＂Kun＂ hairstyle, such as those in caves 285, 97, and 346. This demonstrates how Buddhism absorbed the customs of local ethnic groups as it was disseminated eastwards, indicating in turn how Buddhism was Sinicized.