经右胸微创外科治疗成人房间隔缺损合并心房颤动

Minimally invasive surgery through right lateral thoracotomy for atrial septal defect combined with atrial fibrillation in adults

目的探讨经右胸微创切口房间隔缺损(房缺)修补术中同期应用双极射频消融钳的CoxMazeⅣ术治疗成人房缺合并心房颤动(房颤)的效果。方法 2012年8月至2016年4月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院心胸外科经右胸微创切口房缺修补手术同期应用双极射频消融钳行CoxMazeⅣ术35例,其中男21例、女14例,年龄45~73岁。房颤病程为5个月至14年,持续性房颤10例,长程持续性房颤25例。左心房直径为39~60 mm;左心室射血分数为48%~62%;房缺大小20~35 mm;合并二尖瓣轻中度以上关闭不全10例,三尖瓣轻中度以上关闭不全19例。经股动、静脉插管建立体外循环;经右胸微创切口应用双极消融钳作CoxMazeⅣ手术,先行左房消融,再行右房消融;对于二尖瓣或三尖瓣存在轻中度以上反流的,术中采用二尖瓣或三尖瓣成形术矫治瓣膜病变;存在中度以上反流的,术中加用人造半软质"C"形成形环;闭合房缺(若房缺直径≥2 cm,多采用自体心包补片闭合房缺;房缺直径<2 cm,则多采用直接缝合法)。结果 35例患者顺利完成房缺修补手术及CoxMazeⅣ术,无转为正中开胸者。体外循环时间为92~145(120.1±14.1)min;主动脉阻断时间62~108(79.5±12.2)min。围术期无死亡病例,无永久起搏器植入。术后早期并发症包括低心排血量综合征2例,胸腔积液1例,胸壁皮下气肿1例。术后平均住院时间为7~20(10.1±2.7)d。术毕复跳时,窦性心律25例(71.4%),交界性心律9例(25.7%),房颤心律1例(2.9%)。出院时,33例(33/35,94.3%)维持窦性心律。术后随访3~47(22.8±12.2)个月,32例(32/35,91.4%)维持窦性心律,术后2年累计窦性心律维持率为89.1%±6.0%。结论成人经右胸微创切口行房缺修补手术时,同期可安全、有效地应用双极射频消融钳作CoxMazeⅣ术治疗房颤,早、中期效果满意。

Objective To explore the technique of performing minimally invasive Cox Maze IV procedure by bipolar clamp through right lateral minithoracotomy for atrial septal defect （ASD） combined with atrial fibrillation （AF） in adults. Methods Thirty-five patients （21 males, 14 females with age ranging from 45 to 73 years） with ASD and persistent or long-standing persistent AF received minimally invasive Cox Maze IV procedure and ASD closure from August 2012 to April 2016 at Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital. Diameter of left atrium ranged from 39 to 60 mm and left ventricle ejection fraction （LVEF） ranged from 48% to 62%. Diameter of ASD ranged from 20 to 35 ram. Cox-maze IV procedure was performed through right minithoracotomy entirely by bipolar radiofrequency clamp. Then, mitral or tricuspid valvuloplasty and surgical ASD closure was performed through right minithoracotomy. Results All patients successfully underwent this minimally invasive surgery. No patient needed conversion to sternotomy. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 120.1±14.1 min. The mean aortic cross-clamp time was 79.5±12.2 min. There was no early death or pacemaker implantation perioperatively. The average length of hospital stay was 10.1±2.7 d. At a mean follow-up of 22.8±12.2 months, sinus rhythm was restored in 32 patients （32/35, 91.4%）. Cumulative maintenance of normal sinus rhythm without AF recurrence at 2 years postoperatively was 89.1%±6.0%. Conclusion The minimally invasive Cox Maze IVprocedure performed by bipolar clamp through right minithoracotomy is safe, feasible, and effective for adult patients with ASD combined with AF.